The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elementsProclus
Philosophy
The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Proclus
Euclid. Elements; Platonists
reasons of such a science remain free from all possible confutation;
since, indeed, sensible forms and figures are susceptive of the more
and the less, are all moveable and mutable, and are full of material
variety; among which equality subsists mixt and confused with its
contrary inequality, and into which things without parts have proceeded
into partition, and interval, darkened with the shades of matter, and
lost in its infinite folds? But if the subjects of geometry are removed
from matter, are pure forms, and are separated from sensible objects:
they will be all of them, without doubt, void of parts, incorporeal,
and destitute of magnitude. For extension, tumor, and interval,
approach to forms, on account of the material receptacle in which they
are involved, and which receives things destitute of parts, distributed
into parts; things void of dimension, extended into dimension; and
immoveable natures accompanied with motion. How then, if this is the
case, shall we cut a right line, triangle, and circle? How can we speak
of the diversities of angles, and the increments and decrements of
triangular and quadrangular figures? Or how exhibit the contacts of
circles or right lines? For all these evince that the geometric matter
consists of parts, and does not reside among indivisible reasons.
Such then are the doubts concerning the matter of geometry, to which
we may add, that Plato considers the forms of geometry as placed in
cogitation; and grants, that we advance from sensibles to forms of
this kind, and that we rise from sensibles to intellect, though (as
we have previously observed) the reasons subsisting in cogitation
are indivisible, are separated by no interval, and subsist according
to the peculiarity of the soul. But if reasons are to be rendered
agreeable to things themselves, and to the doctrine of Plato, the
following division must be adopted. [95]Every universal, and one
thing containing many, is either naturally disposed to be thought of
in particulars, or to appear such, because it possesses its existence
in these; is inseparable from them; is disposed and distributed in
them; and together with these is either moved, or firmly and immoveably
abides. Or it is adapted to subsist prior to many, and to possess a
power of generating multitude, affording to many things images from
itself, being furnished with a nature destitute of parts, from the
essences which it participates, and raising various participations to
secondary natures: or it is disposed to be formed by thought, from the
many, to possess a generating existence, and to reside in the last
place in the many. For, according to these three modes of subsistence,
we shall find, I think, that some subsist before the many, others in
the many, and others from the relation and predication which they
possess to these. But, that I may absolve all in one word, universal
forms being threefold, we shall consider the differences of that form
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