Such a suppression of a character is not really a loss. An organism
belonging to an elementary species in which, say, monochromatic flowers
are usually produced may produce flowers which are striped. The progeny
of the plant may still produce monochromatic flowers, but we must
think of it as also possessing the potentiality of producing striped
flowers. In the terminology of Mendelism the characters are dominant
and recessive ones.
In discussing Mendelian varieties we consider the manner in which two
contrasting characters--one present in the male parent and one in the
female--are transmitted to the offspring. The characters in question
may be the tallness of the male parent and the contrasting shortness
of the female; or the brown eyes of the male and the blue eyes of the
female; or the brown skin of the female parent and the white skin of
the male one. These characters may be inherited in two ways: either
they may be blended or they may remain distinct in the offspring. The
children of the brown mother and the white father are usually coloured
in some tint intermediate between those of the parents. The mulatto
hybrid is fertile with either of the parent races, and again the
offspring may take a tint intermediate between those of the parents,
and so on through a number of generations. But somewhere in this
series the concealed or recessive brown colour may appear in all its
completeness, showing that it has been present in the organisations
of all the intervening generations. The progeny of a tall male parent
and a short female parent are not, in general, intermediate in stature
between the parents; some of them may be tall and others short. The
children of a brown-eyed mother and a blue-eyed father do not usually
have eyes in which the colours of the parental eyes are blended: they
are blue-eyed or brown-eyed. The contrasting characters are spoken of
as dominant and recessive: if tallness is transmitted to offspring,
which may nevertheless produce dwarf offspring, the latter character
is said to be recessive to tallness. The contrasting characters of the
parents therefore remain distinct in the progeny, some of the latter
exhibiting the one character and some the other; while it may happen
that the one character or the other may be segregated, so that it only
appears in, and is transmitted by, the offspring. There are numerical
relationships between the numbers of the offspring in which the
contrasting characters appear.
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