60. By the HEAD is meant all that part of the body which is placed above the first bone of the neck (fig. XXXIV. 1). It is of a spheroidal figure, broader and deeper behind than before, somewhat like an egg in shape, with the broad end behind; it is flattened at its sides (figs. XXXV. 1, and XXXVI. 2, 4). Its peculiar figure renders it at once stronger and more capacious than it could have been had it possessed any other form. It is supported by its base on the spinal column, to which it is attached by the peculiar structure termed a joint (fig. XXXIV.), and fastened by ligaments of exceeding strength. 61. The head contains the central organ of the nervous system; the organs of the senses, with the exception of that of touch; and the organs of mastication. It comprehends the cranium and the face. Both are composed partly of soft parts, as the teguments, namely, skin, fat, &c., and muscles; and partly of bones. [Illustration: Fig. XXXVI. 1. Frontal bone; 2. parietal bone; 3. occipital bone; 4. temporal bone; 5. nasal bone; 6. malar bone; 7. superior maxillary bone; 8. inferior maxillary bone.] [Illustration: Fig. XXXVII. Bones of the skull, separated; front view. 1. Frontal bone; 2. portions of the parietal bones; 3. malar or cheek bones; 4. nasal bones; 5. superior maxillary or bones of the upper jaw; 6. the vomer; 7. the inferior maxillary or bone of the lower jaw.] [Illustration: Fig. XXXVIII. Bones of the skull separated; side view. 1. Frontal bone; 2. parietal bone; 3. occipital bone; 4. temporal bone; 5. nasal bone; 6. malar bone; 7. superior maxillary bone; 8. the unguis; 9. the inferior maxillary bone.] [Illustration: Fig. XXXIX. Bones forming the base of the skull; viewed from the inside. 1. Occipital bone; 2. temporal bones; 3. sphenoid bone; 4. ethmoid bone; 5. superior maxillary bones, or bones of the upper jaw; 6. malar or cheek bones; 7. foramen magnum.] 62. The bones of the cranium are eight in number, six of which are proper to the cranium, and two are common to it and to the face. The six bones proper to the cranium are the frontal (fig. XXXVII. 1), the two parietal (fig. XXXVI. 2), the two temporal (fig. XXXVIII. 4), and the occipital (fig. XXXVIII. 3); the two common to the cranium and face are the ethmoidal (fig. XXXIX. 4), and the sphenoidal (fig. XXXIX. 3). The frontal bone forms the entire forepart of the vault (fig. XXXVII. 1); the two parietal form the upper and middle part of it (fig. XXXVIII. 2); the two temporal form the lower part of the sides (fig. XXXVIII. 4); the occipital forms the whole hinder part, together with a portion of the base (figs. XXXVIII. 3, XXXVI. 3, XXXIX. 1); while the ethmoidal forms the forepart, and the sphenoidal the middle part of the base (fig. XXXIX. 3, 4). [Illustration: Fig. XL. 2 1