159. The upper surface of the ulna is so accurately adapted to the lower surface of the humerus that the one seems to be moulded on the other (figs. LXIX. 5, and LXXIII. 3), and the form of these corresponding surfaces, which are everywhere covered with cartilage, is such as to admit of free motion backwards and forwards, that is, of extension and flexion; but to prevent any degree of motion in any other direction. The joint is therefore a hinge-joint, of which the two motions of flexion and extension are the proper motions. This hinge is formed on the part of the humerus by a grooved surface, with lateral projections (fig. LXIX. 2, 3, 4), and on the part of the ulna by a middle projection with lateral depressions (fig. LXIX. 5): the middle projection of the ulna turning readily on the grooved surface of the humerus (fig. LXIX. 2). 160. The bones are held in their proper situation, first, by a ligament on the fore part of the arm, called the anterior (fig. LXXIV. 6), which arises from the lower extremity of the humerus, and is inserted into the upper part of the ulna and the coronary ligament of the radius (fig. LXXIV. 6. 8); secondly, by another ligament on the back part of the arm, called the posterior ligament (fig. LXXV. 8), placed in the cavity of the humerus that receives the olecranon of the ulna (fig. LXXV. 8); and thirdly, by two other ligaments at the sides of the ulna (fig. LXXV. 6, 7). The ulna and radius are united, first, by a ligament called the coronary, which, arising from the ulna, passes completely around the head of the radius (fig. LXXVI. 3), and the attachment of which, while sufficiently close to prevent the separation of the two bones, is yet not adherent to the radius, for a reason immediately to be assigned; secondly, by another ligament which passes in an oblique direction from one bone to the other (fig. LXXVI. 4); and thirdly, by a dense and broad ligament, termed the _interosseous_ (figs. LXXIV. 10, and LXXVI. 5), which fills up the space between the two bones nearly in their whole extent. This ligament serves other offices besides that of forming a bond of union, affording, more especially, a greater extent of surface for the attachment of muscles, and separating the muscles on the anterior from those on the posterior part of the limb. [Illustration: Fig. LXXIV. Anterior view of the ligaments of the elbow-joint. 1. The lower portion of the humerus; 2. the upper portion of the radius; 3. the upper portion of the ulna; 4. the internal condyle; 5. the external condyle; 6. the anterior ligament; 7. portion of the internal lateral ligament; 8. portion of the coronary ligament; 9. the oblique ligament; 10. upper portion of the interosseous ligament.] [Illustration: Fig. LXXV.