The Philosophy of Health; Volume 2 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of manSmith, Southwood
Science
The Philosophy of Health; Volume 2 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of man
Smith, Southwood
Hygiene; Physiology
684. If the mucous coat of the small intestines be examined some hours
after a meal, the lacteals are seen turgid with chyle, covering its
entire surface (fig. CLXXV. 1). These vessels, which are sometimes
of such magnitude and in such numbers as entirely to conceal the
ramifications of the blood-vessels, unite freely with each other, and
form a net-work, from the meshes of which proceed branches which,
successively uniting, form branches of a larger size (fig. CLXXV. 2).
These larger branches perforate the mucous coat and pass for some way
between the mucous and the muscular tunics: at length they perforate
both the muscular and the peritoneal coats, when, from having been
on the inside of the intestine, they get on the outside of it (fig.
CLXXVI. 3, 4), and are included, like the intestine itself, between the
layers of the mesentery. All the different sets of lacteals converging
and uniting together, form an exceedingly complicated plexus of vessels
within the fold of the mesentery. Radiating from this plexus, the
lacteals advance forwards until they reach the glands, called, from
their being placed between the fold of the mesentery, the mesenteric
(figs. CLXXVI. 5 and 6, and clxxvii. 2 and 3); rounded, oval,
pale-coloured bodies, consisting of two sets, arranged in a double
row (figs. CLXXVI. 5 and 6, and CLXXVII. 2 and 3); the set nearest
the intestine (fig. CLXXVII. 2) being considerably smaller than the
succeeding set (fig. CLXXVII. 3).
[Illustration: Fig. CLXXVII.
View of the course of the Thoracic Duct from its origin to its
termination. 1. Lacteal vessels emerging from the mucous surface of
the intestines. 2. First order of mesenteric glands. 3. Second order
of mesenteric glands. 4. The great trunks of the lacteals emerging
from the mesenteric glands, and pouring their contents into—5. The
receptacle of the chyle. 6. The great trunks of the lymphatic or
general absorbent system terminating in the receptacle of the chyle.
7. The thoracic duct. 8. Termination of the thoracic duct at—9. The
angle formed by the union of the internal jugular vein with the
subclavian vein.]
685. On reaching the first series of glands (fig. clxxvii. 2), the
lacteals penetrate the substance of the gland, in the interior of
which they communicate with each other so freely, and form such
innumerable windings, that the gland seems to consist of a congeries
of convoluted lacteals. Emerging from the first series of glands, the
lacteals proceed on their course to the second series (fig., CLXXVII.
3), which they penetrate, and in the interior of which they present
the same convoluted appearance as in the first set. On passing out of
this second series of glands, the lacteals unite together, and compose
successively larger and larger branches, until at length they form two
or three trunks (fig. CLXXVII. 4), which terminate in the small oval
sac (fig. CLXXVII. 5), termed the receptacle of the chyle (receptaculum
chyli).
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