The Philosophy of Health; Volume 2 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of manSmith, Southwood
Science
The Philosophy of Health; Volume 2 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of man
Smith, Southwood
Hygiene; Physiology
732. When the secreting apparatus consists of simple cryptæ, follicles,
cæca, or tubuli, a similar net-work of capillary arteries and nerves
is spread out on the sides of this more extended surface. The more
elaborate secretion now formed is received into the interior of these
organs, where it remains for some time, and whence it is ultimately
conveyed as it is needed by the actions of the system.
733. But when the secreting apparatus consists of aggregates of cryptæ,
follicles, cæca, and tubuli, with their net-works of arteries and
nerves, a much more complex structure is built up, which is destined to
perform a proportionably elaborate function. An aggregation of these
secreting bodies into a large mass, enveloped in a common membrane,
so as to form a distinct body of a solid consistence, constitutes the
organ termed a gland. Simply extended membrane, with its apparatus
of arteries and nerves does not constitute a gland. Simple cryptæ,
follicles, cæca, and tubuli, with their larger apparatus of arteries
and nerves, do not constitute a gland. The first is simply secreting
surface; the second are simply secreting cryptæ, follicles, cæca or
tubuli; but when these bodies are aggregated into dense and solid
masses with an extended system of excretory ducts, and when the whole
of this apparatus is inclosed in a proper membrane so as to form a
distinct body, such a body is termed a gland.
734. Primary aggregations of these secreting bodies constitute what is
termed a conglobate, that is, a simple gland; such are all the glands
connected with the absorbent or lymphatic system. Secondary aggregates,
or aggregates composed of simple glands, constitute what is termed
a conglomerate, that is, a compound gland; such are all the organs
commonly termed viscera, as the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, the
kidney, and so on.
735. The conglobate, or simple gland, being formed by the aggregation
of cryptæ, follicles, cæca, or tubuli, inclosed in a proper membrane,
presents the appearance of a simple solid body, commonly of a rounded
or oblong form (fig. CLXXVI. 516). On the contrary, the conglomerate
or compound gland, being formed by the aggregation of conglobate or
simple glands, presents the appearance of a compound body composed of
a congeries of masses (fig. CLXV. 1). The larger masses enveloped in
their own proper membrane are termed lobes (fig. CXCI.); the smaller
masses, also enveloped in their own proper membrane, are termed lobules
(fig. CXCI.); the lobules, when carefully examined, are seen to be
composed of still smaller masses, and these of masses yet more minute,
until at length patient, laborious, and skilful dissection brings into
view the ultimate constituent elements, which are invariably found to
consist of simple cryptæ, follicles, cæca, or tubuli.
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