The Philosophy of Health; Volume 2 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of manSmith, Southwood
Science
The Philosophy of Health; Volume 2 (of 2): or, an exposition of the physical and mental constitution of man
Smith, Southwood
Hygiene; Physiology
[Illustration: Fig. CXCV.
View of villi, with the lacteals arising from their surface by open
mouths and forming radiated branches. The surface of one of these
villi is represented as entirely white, from the lacteals being so
turgid with chyle as completely to obscure their orifices and their
radiating branches.]
827. Mr. Cruikshank, who particularly devoted himself to the study of
this part of the absorbent system, states that he had an opportunity
of examining these vessels in a person who died suddenly some hours
after having taken a hearty meal, and who had been previously in sound
health. “In some hundred villi,” he says, “I saw the trunk of the
lacteal beginning by radiated branches (fig. CXCV.). The orifices of
these radii were very distinct on the surface of the villus as well
as the radii themselves (fig. CXCV.). There was but one trunk in each
villus. The orifices on the villi of the jejunum, as Dr. Hunter said
(when I asked him as he viewed them in the microscope how many he
thought there might be) were about fifteen or twenty in each villus,
and in some I saw them still more numerous” (fig. CXCV.).
828. The course of the lacteals, from their origin in the villi to
their termination in the thoracic duct, has been traced (687). It is
conjectured that the lymphatics take their origin from every point of
the body, but it is admitted that they have not been actually seen
even in every organ; still they have been found in so many that it is
inferred that they really exist in all, and that in those in which they
have not been hitherto detected they have eluded observation on account
of their extreme delicacy and transparency and our imperfect means of
examining them.
829. Though, like veins, lymphatics anastomose freely with each other,
yet they do not proceed from smaller to larger branches and from larger
branches to trunks, but continue of nearly the same magnitude from
their origin to their termination. They are disposed in two sets, one
of which always keeps near the external surface of the body, and the
other is deeply seated, accompanying more especially the great trunks
of the blood-vessels.
[Illustration: Fig. CXCVI.
Fig. CXCVII.
Fig. CXCVIII.
CXCVI.—1. Trunks of absorbent vessels entering a gland. 2. Gland laid
open. 3. Highly magnified views of the cells or follicles of which
the gland is supposed to consist. CXCVII.—1. Absorbent vessels called
vasa inferentia, entering (2) the gland. 3. Absorbent vessels emerging
from the gland, called vasa efferentia, and forming (4) a common
trunk.
CXCVIII.—1. Trunk of absorbent vessel entering a gland. 2. Gland
apparently composed entirely of convoluted vessels. 3. Vessels
emerging from the gland and forming (4) a common trunk.]
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