[134] Pp. 234-341. The preface to this volume is dated February 1874. [135] Martineau's conception discussed by Spencer is hampered by a theory of Matter difficult _per se_. [136] See back pp. 76-8 and 107 (end of note) and connect with these passages the oft-repeated Wordsworthian maxim:-- "We murder to dissect." [137] See our Chapter VI. _On Causation_. [138] The paragraph cited in the text of Chapter III. concludes with these words:--"I will call no being good, who is not what I mean when I apply that epithet to my fellow-creatures; and if such a being can sentence me to hell for not so calling him, to hell I will go." Now, no man can sit down and _calculate_ himself into Mr. Mill's conviction thus enounced; neither could any cool process of argument have ever kindled such a flame. A sternness of purpose like his must be either the skeleton-armour covering the thoughtless boy in Tennyson's Gareth and Lynette, or it is the reflection of a light intuitively flashed through the soul--the echo of a chord struck upon the writer's very heart-strings. Such and so deep, beyond doubt, was the ingenuous feeling of Mr. Mill. [139] La Science au point de Vue Philosophique, pp. 539-542. [140] Psychological Inquiries, second part, pp. 195-197. [141] Address (Presidential) to British Association at Liverpool, 1870, p. 15. [142] Loc. cit. pp. 199-200. [143] Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, January, 1873, p. 74. [144] Loc. cit. p. 64. [145] Loc. cit. pp. 69-70. [146] Loc. cit. pp. 16-17. [147] This quotation is from his _Matter and Force_, Chapter XIX. Büchner is never tired of emphasizing the Materialism of thought. In an address prefixed to his tenth Edition, speaking of the hypothesis of Mind acting on Brain he calls it "the tragi-comic pianoforte theory," and regrets that there should be so many "human pianofortes out of tune in the world." Büchner's own Materialism is outspoken, as may be judged from the following propositions:-- 1. Spirit without Body is unimaginable. 2. The Soul brings with it "no innate intuitions"; and 3. It is not an _ens per se_, but a product of external influences. 4. There is no individual immortality nor personal continuance after death. 5. The Soul's knowledge relates only to earthly things. 6. It becomes a _person_ by being opposed to earthly individualities. 7. (Adopted from C. Vogt) "The soul ... is a product of the development of the brain; just as muscular activity is a product of muscular development, and secretion a product of glandular development. So soon as the substances composing the brain are aggregated in a similar form, will they exhibit the same functions.... Mental activity changes with the periods of life, and ceases altogether at death." Büchner's writings are sufficiently known in this country. In America they are food for the million.