[35] Geschichte der Neueren Philosophie, Vol. v., p. 60. Volkelt is mistaken about Fischer when he says (Kant's Erkenntnistheorie, p. 198, n.) that "it is not clear from Fischer's account whether, in his opinion, Kant takes for granted only the psychological fact of the occurrence of universal and necessary judgments, but also their objective validity and truth." For, in the passage referred to above, Fischer says that the chief difficulty of the Critique of Pure Reason is to be found in the fact that "its fundamental positions rest on certain presuppositions" which "have to be granted if the rest is to be valid." These presuppositions consist for Fischer, too, in this, that "first the fact of knowledge is affirmed," and then analysis reveals the cognitive faculties "by means of which that fact itself is explained." [36] How far our own epistemological discussions conform to this method, will be shown in Section iv, "The Starting-points of the Theory of Knowledge." [37] l.c., Preface, p. x. [38] Zur Analyse der Wirklichkeit (Strassburg, 1876), p. 28. [39] Kant's Erkenntnistheorie, Section i. [40] A. Dorner, Das menschliche Erkennen (Berlin, 1887). [41] Rehmke, l.c. [42] Die Lehre vom Wissen (Berlin, 1868). [43] Die Grundfragen der Erkenntnistheorie (Mainz, 1887) p. 385. [44] System der kritischen Philosophie, I. Teil, p. 257. [45] Das Grundproblem der Erkenntnistheorie, p. 37. [46] Philosophische Monatshefte, Vol. xxvi (1890), p. 390. [47] Das Grundproblem der Erkenntnistheorie, p. 1. [48] By "concept" I mean a rule for the synthesis of the disconnected data of perception into a unity. Causality, e.g., is a "concept." By "idea" I mean nothing but a concept of richer connotation. "Organism," taken quite generally, is an example of an "idea." [49] It ought not to be necessary to say that the term "centre," here, is not intended to affirm a theory concerning the nature of consciousness, but is used merely as a shorthand expression for the total physiognomy of consciousness. [50] Fichte's Sämtliche Werke, Vol. I, p. 71. [51] l.c., Vol. I, p. 97. [52] l.c., Vol. I, p. 91. [53] l.c., Vol. I, p. 178. [54] l.c., Vol. I, p. 91. [55] Geschichte der Philosophie, p. 605. [56] Fichte, Sämtliche Werke, Vol. I, p. 94. [57] l.c., Vol. I, p. 98. [58] l.c., Vol. I, p. 422. [59] Delivered in the autumn of 1813 at the University of Berlin. See Nachgelassene Werke, Vol. I, p. 4. [60] l.c., Vol. I, p. 16. [61] cf. his Christliche Dogmatik, 2nd edit., 1884-5. The epistemological arguments are in Vol. I. An exhaustive discussion of his point of view has been furnished by E. von Hartmann. See his Kritische Wanderungen durch die Philosophie der Gegenwart, pp. 200 ff.