The Philosophy of the ConditionedMansel, Henry Longueville
Religion
The Philosophy of the Conditioned
Mansel, Henry Longueville
Hamilton, William, Sir, 1788-1856; Mill, John Stuart, 1806-1873. Examination of Sir William Hamilton's philosophy
[BA] The sense in which Sir W. Hamilton himself uses the word
_conception_ is explained in a note to _Reid's Works_,
p. 377--namely, the combination of two or more
attributes in a _unity of representation_. The second
sense which Mr. Mill imagines is simply a mistake of his
own. When Hamilton speaks of being "unable to conceive
as possible," he does not mean, as Mr. Mill supposes,
physically possible under the law of gravitation or some
other law of matter, but mentally possible as a
representation or image; and thus the supposed second
sense is identical with the first. The third sense may
also be reduced to the first; for to conceive two
attributes as combined in one representation is to form
a notion subordinate to those of each attribute
separately. We do not say that Sir W. Hamilton has been
uniformly accurate in his application of the test of
conceivability; but we say that his inaccuracies, such
as they are, do not affect the theory of the
conditioned, and that in all the long extracts which Mr.
Mill quotes, with footnotes, indicating "first sense,"
"second sense," "third sense," the author's meaning may
be more accurately explained in the first sense only.
It is marvellous that it should not have occurred to Mr. Mill, while he
was writing this passage, "How comes this large number to be a 'whole' at
all; and how comes it that 'this whole,' with all its units, can be
written down by means of six digits?" Simply because of a conventional
arrangement, by which a single digit, according to its position, can
express, by one mark, tens, hundreds, thousands, &c., of units; and thus
can exhaust the sum by dealing with its items in large masses. But how
can such a process exhaust the infinite? We should like to know how long
Mr. Mill thinks it would take to work out the following problem:--"If two
figures can represent ten, three a hundred, four a thousand, five ten
thousand, &c., find the number of figures required to represent
infinity."[BB]
[BB] Precisely the same misconception of Hamilton's position
occurs in Professor De Morgan's paper in the _Cambridge
Transactions_, to which we have previously referred. He
speaks (p. 13) of the "notion, which runs through many
writers, from Descartes to Hamilton, that the mind must
be big enough to _hold_ all it can conceive." This
notion is certainly not maintained by Hamilton, nor yet
by Descartes in the paragraph quoted by Mr. De Morgan;
nor, as far as we are aware, in any other part of his
works.
Infinite divisibility stands or falls with infinite extension. In both
cases Mr. Mill confounds infinity with indefiniteness. But with regard to
an absolute minimum of space, Mr. Mill's argument requires a separate
notice.
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