And having thus distinctly cleared himself of any suspicion of a disposition to introduce scientific inquiry and innovation into departments not then open to a procedure of that sort, his proposal for an advancement of learning in other quarters was, of course, less liable to criticism. But even that part of the subject to which he limits himself involves, as we shall see, an incidental reference to this, from which he here so modestly retires, and affords no inconsiderable scope for that genius which was by nature so irresistibly impelled, in one way or another, to the criticism and reformation of the larger wholes. He retires from the open assault, but it is only to go deeper into his subject. He is constituting the science of that from which the state proceeds. He is analyzing the state, and searching out in the integral parts of it, that which makes true _states_ impossible. He has found the revolutionary forces in their simple forms, and is content to treat them in these. He is bestowing all his pains upon an art that will develop--on scientific principles, by simply attending to the natural laws, as they obtain in the human kind, royalties, and nobilities, and liege-men of all degrees--an art that will make all kinds of pieces that the structure of the state requires. CHAPTER III. THE SCIENCE OF MORALITY. Section I.--THE EXEMPLAR OF GOOD. 'Nature craves All dues to be rendered to their owners.' But this great innovator is busying himself here with drawing up a report of THE DEFICIENCIES IN LEARNING; and though he is the first to propose a plan and method by which men shall build up, systematically and scientifically, a knowledge of _Nature in general_, instead of throwing themselves altogether upon their own preconceptions and abstract controversial theories, after all, the principal deficiency which he has to mark--that to which, even in this dry report, he finds himself constrained to affix some notes of admiration--this principal deficiency is THE SCIENCE OF MAN--THE SCIENCE of _human nature_ itself. And the reason of this deficiency is, that very deficiency before named; it is that very act of shutting himself up to his own theories which leaves the thinker without a _science_ of himself. 'For it is the greatest proof of want of skill, to investigate _the nature_ of any object in itself alone; and, in general, those very things which are considered as secret, are manifested and common in other objects, but will never be clearly seen if the contemplations and experiments of men be directed _to themselves alone_.' It is this science of NATURE IN GENERAL which makes the SCIENCE of _Human Nature_ for the first time possible; and that is the end and term of the new philosophy,--so the inventor of it tells us. And the moment that he comes in with that new torch, which he has been out into 'the continent of nature' to light,--the moment that he comes back with it,