The Philosophy of the Practical: Economic and EthicCroce, Benedetto
Philosophy
The Philosophy of the Practical: Economic and Ethic
Croce, Benedetto
Economics; Ethics; Will
But the impossibility of absorbing rights into Ethic altogether and
without leaving residues is proclaimed or confessed, not only in the
theories of philosophers, but by simple thought, and especially by the
consciousness we have of the real world being governed, not by abstract
morality, but, as is said, by _force,_ or by the will in action.
"Disarmed prophets" will be efficacious in poetry, but ridiculous in
practical reality: _la force prime le droit,_ precedes it and is always
of greater value than an unreal and contradictory ethical right and
aspiration, afterwards dissolved in the empty and arbitrary. We will
not recall proverbs, maxims, historical examples, though this would be
easy; that little story of Franco Sacchetti which preserves "a fair
speech" of Messer Ridolfo da Camerino, will suffice for all. One of his
nephews had been at Bologna studying law for a good twelve years, and
when, having become an excellent lawyer, he returned to Camerino, he
went to pay a visit to Messer Ridolfo. When he paid the visit, Messer
Ridolfo said, "And what didst thou do at Bologna?" He replied, "My
Lord, I have learned _reason._" Said Messer Ridolfo, "Thou hast spent
thy time ill." The young man replied that the saying seemed to him to
be very strange. "Why was it ill spent, my Lord?" And Messer Ridolfo
said, "_Because thou shouldst have learned force, which is worth two
of the other._" The youth began to smile, and thinking it over again
and again, both he and the others that heard, perceived that what
Messer Ridolfo had said, was true.[1]
[Sidenote: _Comparison between right and language. Grammars and codes._]
And here too we are at last able to establish a parallel between
the practical and theoretic activity, between the problems of the
Philosophy of right and those of Logic and Æsthetic. The comparison of
right and language has been several times attempted, with very great
correction of thought, although necessarily defective execution, since
it was customary to conceive both language and right in an abstract
and empirical manner. Whoever should wish to take up the inquiry
again would do great service, were he to insist upon the fact that
since it has been impossible to understand what language really is,
so long as grammars and vocabularies were taken as its reality, so it
is impossible to understand anything of rights, so long as the eye is
fixed upon laws and codes, or what is even worse, upon the commentaries
of jurists, or upon the abstract volitional fact, or altogether upon
what is not a true and proper volitional fact, but the elaboration of
formulæ and of general concepts.
[Sidenote: _Logic and language; morality and rights._]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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