The Philosophy of the Weather. And a Guide to Its ChangesButler, T. B. (Thomas Belden)
Science
The Philosophy of the Weather. And a Guide to Its Changes
Butler, T. B. (Thomas Belden)
Weather; Weather forecasting
In the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Sea, there is more
irregularity.
But the law of progress and lateral winds can be distinctly traced as
_present_ and prevailing, notwithstanding the irregularities. Our limits
do not permit an analysis. In the celebrated case of the Charles Heddle,
there was much evidence to show that she was driven across the front of
the storm by one lateral wind, and back by another. (Diagram of Colonel
Reid, p. 206.)
The waters of the Indian Ocean are hot and confined. Storms there are
often composed of detached masses, move slower--sometimes not more than
three or four miles an hour--and they curve over the ocean, where it is
hotter than in any similar latitude. Yet, notwithstanding all
peculiarities and irregularities, the law we have been considering is
probably the _prevailing_ law there.
No man knows better the existence of these different currents than Mr.
Redfield. Doubtless it has escaped his attention that the upper of two,
after the passage of a considerable proportion of the storm, becomes the
lower, and causes a seeming change of the same wind.
In a series of elaborate articles, substantially reviewing the whole
subject, published in the American Journal of Science, for 1846, he says:
"In nearly all great storms which are accompanied with rain, there
appear two distinct classes of clouds, one of which, comprising the
storm scuds in the active portion of the gale, has already been
noticed. Above this is an extended stratum of stratus cloud, which is
found moving with the general or local current of the lower
atmosphere which overlies the storm. It covers not only the area of
rain, but often extends greatly beyond this limit, over a part of the
dry portion of the storm, partly in a broken or detached state. This
stratus cloud is often concealed from view by the nimbus, and scud
clouds in the rainy portion of the storm, but by careful
observations, may be sufficiently noticed to determine the general
uniformity of its specific course, and, approximately, its general
elevation.
"The more usual course of this extended cloud stratum, in the United
States, is from some point in the horizon between S. S. W. and W. S.
W. Its course and velocity do not appear influenced in any
perceptible degree by the activity or direction of the storm-wind
which prevails beneath it. On the posterior or dry side of the gale,
it often disappears before the arrival of the newly condensed cumuli
and cumulo-stratus which not unfrequently float in the colder winds,
on this side of the gale."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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