219. _Is it of so much importance, then, to distinguish between Scarlet Fever and Measles?_ It is of great importance, as in measles the patient ought to be kept _moderately_ warm, and the drinks should be given with the chill off; while in scarlet fever the patient ought to be kept cool—indeed, for the first few days, _cold_; and the beverages, such as spring water, toast and water, etc., should be administered quite cold. I had the honor to read a _Paper on the Treatment of Scarlet Fever_ before the members of Queen’s College Medico-Chirurgical Society, Birmingham,—which _Paper_ was afterwards published in the _Association Journal_; and in Braithwaite’s _Retrospect of Medicine_; and in Ranking’s _Half-Yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences_; besides in other publications. Moreover, the _Paper_ was translated into German, and published in _Canstatt’s Jahresbericht_, iv. 456. 220. _What is the treatment of Scarlet Fever?_ _What to do._—Pray pay particular attention to my rules, and carry out my directions to the very letter—as I can then promise you _that if the scarlet fever be not malignant_, the plan I am about to recommend will, with God’s blessing, be generally successful. What is the first thing to be done? Send the child to bed; throw open the windows, be it winter or summer, and have a thorough ventilation; for the bed-room must be kept cool, I may say cold. Do not be afraid of fresh air, for fresh air, for the first few days is essential to recovery. _Fresh air, and plenty of it, in scarlet fever, is the best doctor_ a child can have: let these words be written legibly on your mind. In the _Times_, is the following, copied from the _Bridgewater Mercury_:— “GROSS SUPERSTITION.—In one of the streets of Taunton there resides a man and his wife who have the care of a child. This child was attacked with scarlatina, and to all appearance death was inevitable. A jury of matrons was, as it were, impaneled, and, to prevent the child ‘dying hard,’ all the doors in the house, all the drawers, all the boxes, all the cupboards were thrown wide open, the keys taken out, and the body of the child placed under a beam, whereby a sure, certain, and easy passage into eternity could be secured. Watchers held their vigils throughout the weary night, and in the morning the child, to the surprise of all, did not die, and is now gradually recovering.”