The physiology of digestion considered with relation to the principles of dieteticsCombe, Andrew
Science
The physiology of digestion considered with relation to the principles of dietetics
Combe, Andrew
Diet; Digestion
To compare the progress of digestion in the natural way with these
results, Dr Beaumont, at the time of commencing the experiment just
described, suspended a piece of the same beef, of equal weight and
size, within the stomach by means of a string. At the end of the
_first half hour_ it presented the same appearances as the piece
in the vial; but when Dr Beaumont drew out the string at the end of
_an hour and a half_, the beef had been completely digested
and disappeared, making a difference of result in point of time of
nearly seven hours. In both, the solution began on the surface, and
agitation accelerated its progress by removing the external coating of
chyme as fast as it was formed. When the experiment was repeated with
chicken instead of beef, the solution was slower, from the greater
compactness of the chicken not allowing the gastric fluid to penetrate
its substance so readily. Had the beef and chicken been masticated
before being subjected to experiment, the difference between them in
the rapidity of digestion would probably have been less.
To ascertain still more accurately the difference between _natural_
and _artificial_ digestion (the one _in_ and the other _out_ of
the stomach), Dr Beaumont put twelve drachms of _recently-salted
boiled beef_ into a vial, with the same number of drachms of fresh
gastric juice obtained through the opening of the stomach after a
fast of eighteen hours; and then placed the vial in a basin of water
on a sand-bath, where he kept it at the heat of 100° Fahr., and
continued to agitate it gently. Digestion soon commenced and went on
uniformly for about six hours, when it ceased. One-half of the meat
was then dissolved, and the texture of the remainder loosened and
tender,--resembling the same kind of aliment when ejected from the
stomach partly digested some hours after a meal, as frequently seen
in cases of indigestion. On weighing the undissolved portion which
remained after all action had ceased, six drachms and twelve grains of
the beef were found to have been digested by twelve drachms, or nearly
double its weight, of gastric juice. It thus appears that a given
quantity of gastric fluid can digest only a relative proportion of
meat; so that, when more is eaten than what there is juice sufficient
to dissolve, stomachic disorder must necessarily follow. In this latter
case, Dr Beaumont found that _the addition of fresh juice causes
digestion to be resumed_.
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