The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other EssaysVeblen, Thorstein
Philosophy
The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other Essays
Veblen, Thorstein
Economics; Science
The results of the analysis may be summed up to show the degree of
coincidence and the distinctions between the two categories of assets:
(_a_) the value (that is to say, the amount) of given assets, whether
tangible or intangible, is the capitalised (or capitalisable) value of
the given articles of wealth, rated on the basis of their
income-yielding capacity to their owner; (_b_) in the case of tangible
assets there is a presumption that the objects of wealth involved have
some (at least potential) serviceability at large, since they serve a
materially productive work, and there is therefore a presumption, more
or less well founded, that their value represents, though it by no means
measures, an item of serviceability at large; (_c_) in the case of
intangible assets there is no presumption that the objects of wealth
involved have any serviceability at large, since they serve no
materially productive work, but only a differential advantage to the
owner in the distribution of the industrial product;[7] (_d_) given
tangible assets may be disserviceable to the community,--a given
material equipment may owe its value as capital to a disserviceable use,
though in the aggregate or on an average the body of tangible assets are
(presumptively) serviceable; (_e_) given intangible assets may be
indifferent in respect of serviceability at large, though in the
aggregate, or on an average, intangible assets are (presumably)
disserviceable to the community.
On this showing it would appear that the substantial difference between
tangible and intangible assets lies in the different character of the
immaterial facts which are turned to pecuniary account in the one case
and in the other. The former, in effect, capitalise such fraction
of the technological proficiency of the community as the ownership
of the capital goods involved enables the owner to engross. The
latter capitalise such habits of life, of a non-technological
character,--settled by usage, convention, arrogation, legislative
action, or what not,--as will effect a differential advantage to the
concern to which the assets in question appertain. The former owe their
existence and magnitude to the usufruct of technological expedients
involved in the industrial process proper; while the latter are in like
manner due to the usufruct of what may be called the interstitial
correlations and adjustments both within the industrial system and
between industry proper and the market, in so far as these relations are
of a pecuniary rather than a technological character. Much the same
distinction may be put in other words, so as to bring the expression
nearer the current popular apprehension of the matter, by saying that
tangible assets, commonly so called, capitalise the processes of
production, while intangible assets, so called, capitalise certain
expedients and processes of acquisition, not productive of wealth, but
affecting only its distribution. Formulated in either way, the
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