_Indirectly_ maladies consequent upon sexual excesses were helped on by the mere fact that the ancient Baths afforded manifold opportunities for such excesses. The bath-attendants, or _aquarioli_ (water-boys), who fetched the water for bathing, not only carried on vicious practices with the women frequenting the place themselves, but also made a business of procuration, as already pointed out just above, p. 214. The lascivious Roman Ladies took their own slaves with them to the Baths, that they might attend upon their mistresses.[258] At first the same bathing Establishments were used equally by both sexes, but not at the same time; and according to _Dio Cassius_,[259] _Agrippa_ would appear to have first, 721 A. U. C., established the public Baths at Rome for men and women, from which place later on Baths open to both sexes were introduced into Greece, as _Plutarch_[260] states. The Greeks called these Establishments ἀνδρόγυνα λούτρα (men-women, male-female, baths), and used to set up an image of Hermaphroditus in front of them.[261] In the Imperial period, when all shame was laid aside and Heliogabalus himself _in balneis semper cum mulieribus fuit_ (always visited the Baths in company of the women) (_Lampridius_ ch. 2), the use of the Baths both by men and women, and this at the same time, had become an established custom, as may be seen from several passages of _Martial_;[262] and it was in vain the Emperors _Hadrian_,[263] _Marcus Antoninus_[264] and _Alexander Severus_[265] endeavoured to restrain the abuse by enactments. These were just as unavailing as were the invectives of the Fathers of the Church.[266] The Bathing Apartments, from which antique Roman modesty had excluded almost every glimmer of external light, were now patent to the eyes of the passer-by. Fitted up with every device of the most refined luxury,[267] they were transformed into regular brothels;[268] and accordingly were not allowed to open their doors earlier than one hour before the ordinary establishments of this nature. The same opportunities which the Baths gave for vice with women, they afforded no less for vice between men,—for paederastia. There it was that amateurs looked about for _bene vasatos_ and καλλιπύγους, (men with fine instruments, men with handsome buttocks), and this among the Greeks as well as among the Romans,[269] though the latter in this as in other things beat the record of all other nations. THIRD SECTION. Relation of the Physician to Diseases consequent upon the Use or Misuse of the Genital Organs. § 38.