143a. Leaves hairy =Goldenrod, Solidago graminifolia var. nuttallii.= 143b. Leaves smooth --144. 144a. Leaves folded, 8-20 mm. wide =Goldenrod, Solidago riddellii.= 144b. Leaves flat, 1-8 mm. wide --145. 145a. Leaves 4-8 mm. wide, distinctly 3-5-ribbed =Goldenrod, Solidago graminifolia.= 145b. Leaves 1-4 mm. wide, usually with 1 mid-vein =Goldenrod, Solidago tenuifolia.= 146a. Only 2-5 stem-leaves below the inflorescence (1-3 dm. high) =Goldenrod, Solidago cutleri.= 146b. Stem-leaves numerous --147. 147a. Basal leaves much larger than the greatly reduced or bract-like upper ones --148. 147b. Leaves essentially uniform in size from base to summit of stem --157. 148a. Racemes or branches of the panicle either short and arranged along a more or less elongated central axis, or elongated and ascending, scarcely recurved, forming a narrow, more or less elongated panicle --149. 148b. Racemes or branches of the panicle usually elongated, spreading outwards, usually recurved, forming a widened panicle --153. 149a. Leaves mostly entire, the upper ones with smaller leaves fascicled in the axils (5-20 dm. high) =Goldenrod, Solidago speciosa.= 149b. Leaves mostly serrate, at least the basal ones --150. 150a. Heads on pedicels 5-15 mm. long; achenes pubescent; stems usually clustered (1-5 dm. high, or prostrate) --151. 150b. Heads on pedicels not over 5 mm. long; achenes smooth or nearly so; stems usually single (6-12 dm. high) --152. 151a. Basal leaves 7-12 cm. long =Goldenrod, Solidago racemosa.= 151b. Basal leaves 15-30 cm. long =Goldenrod, Solidago racemosa var. gillmani.= 152a. Leaves pinnately veined =Goldenrod, Solidago uliginosa.= 152b. Leaves 3-5-ribbed =Goldenrod, Solidago neglecta.= 153a. Both sides of the leaf pubescent or rough --154. 153b. Leaf not pubescent or rough on both sides --155. 154a. Stem closely pubescent (2-8 dm. high) =Goldenrod, Solidago nemoralis.= 154b. Stem glabrous (5-12 dm. high) =Goldenrod, Solidago juncea var. scabrella.= 155a. Leaves rough above, smooth below (6-15 dm. high) =Goldenrod, Solidago patula.= 155b. Leaves smooth on both sides (5-12 dm. high) --156. 156a. Branches of the panicle spreading or recurved =Goldenrod, Solidago juncea.= 156b. Branches of the panicle upright =Goldenrod, Solidago juncea var. ramosa.= 157a. Stem more or less pubescent or hairy throughout (5-20 dm. high) --158.