7b. Flowers pink or red, rarely white, 4-10 cm. across (shrubs, 5-15 dm. high, or climbing; stems usually thorny; flowers in early summer) (Rose) --8. 7c. Flowers white, 1-3 cm. across (4-20 dm. high; flowers in late spring) --16. 8a. Leaflets on most of the leaves 3; styles cohering in a column which protrudes from among the stamens =Climbing Rose, Rosa setigera.= 8b. Leaflets 5-11; styles not cohering in a protruding column --9. 9a. Sepals persistent on the fruit after flowering --10. 9b. Sepals soon deciduous from the young fruit after flowering --14. 10a. A pair of spines below each leaf larger than the other spines --11. 10b. Spines all alike in size or nearly so, or absent completely --12. 11a. Sepals entire =Wild Rose, Rosa woodsii.= 11b. Sepals pinnatifid =Dog Rose, Rosa canina.= 12a. Stems with few thorns or none at all =Wild Rose, Rosa blanda.= 12b. Stems prickly --13. 13a. Fruit somewhat pear-shape, narrowed toward the base. =Wild Rose, Rosa acicularis.= 13b. Fruit globose, rounded at the base =Wild Rose, Rosa acicularis var. bourgeauiana.= 14a. The pair of spines at the base of each leaf straight or nearly so =Wild Rose, Rosa humilis.= 14b. The pair of spines at the base of each leaf distinctly recurved or hooked --15. 15a. Leaves densely glandular-pubescent beneath =Sweetbrier, Rosa rubiginosa.= 15b. Leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent =Swamp Rose, Rosa carolina.= 16a. Stems trailing or creeping --17. 16b. Stems erect, ascending, or arched --19. 17a. Stems distinctly shrubby and thorny (Dewberry) --18. 17b. Stems almost herbaceous, without thorns =Dwarf Raspberry, Rubus triflorus.= 18a. Leaves thin, dull above; fruit black, large and juicy =Dewberry, Rubus villosus.= 18b. Leaves firm or thick, shining above; fruit reddish, small, consisting of a few sour drupelets =Swamp Dewberry, Rubus hispidus.= 19a. Ripe fruit dropping away from the white receptacle or core; terminal leaflet of each leaf with a long stalk, while the lateral leaflets are sessile or nearly so (Raspberry) --20. 19b. Ripe fruit and receptacle or core dropping together; all the leaflets on stalks which are approximately equal in length (Blackberry) --22. 20a. Stem very glaucous with a whitish or bluish waxy deposit; fruit black =Black Raspberry, Rubus occidentalis.= 20b. Stem not glaucous; fruit red --21. 21a. Calyx velvety-pubescent =Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus.=