[184] Emanuel Zobrega wrote to the Company from Brazil, in 1552:--“The inhabitants acknowledge Saint Thomas, whom they call Zomé (changing the _Th_ into _Z_, according to their dialect); and they have a tradition that he once journeyed through this country.” His letter is fully given by Nieremberg, _Historia Naturæ_, fol., Antuerpiæ, 1635. [185] “On the Intellectual Character of the Esquimaux” (_Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. xxxviii, p. 306, October 1844 to April 1845.) [186] _L’Immortalité de l’âme chez les Juifs_, transl. by I. Cohen, 12mo, Paris, 1857. [187] See Brecher, _L’Immortalité de l’âme chez les Juifs_, p. 81. [188] Josephus, _Antiquities_, xviii, ch. 2, transl. by D. G. Génébrard, Paris, 1639. [189] Chapter upon the “Nirvâna.” [190] Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, _Bouddha et sa Religion_, chapter upon the “Nirvâna,” 1862. [191] Niebuhr quoted, in support of this, the Nalhkis and the Guaranis in the New Californian and Cape Missions. Schlegel (_Essais_, p. 341, Paris, 1841) declares, that most savage nations ought always to remain so by the will of nature. [192] See _Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, meeting of July 20, 1857. [193] “I maintain,” says Courtet de l’Isle (_Tableau Ethnographique du genre humain_, p. 89, 8vo, Paris, 1849), “that human races are unequal in intellectual power, that they are, consequently, not susceptible of the same degree of development, and that each of them is called upon to fill, in unequal conditions, a mission marked out by Providence.” [194] Doctor Martius is a curious example of the extravagances to which monogenist ideas may lead. In order to explain the moral character of the Americans, he is obliged to suppose a frightful cataclysm [great inundation] which happened, he cannot say when, and adds, “Is it the profound terror felt by those unhappy people who escaped from this awful calamity which, being transmitted without a diminished intensity to following generations, has troubled their reason, obscured their intelligence, and hardened their heart?” Compare Morel, _Traité des Dégénérescences de l’espèce humaine_, 1857, and _Discours Inaugural à l’Académie de Rouen_, 1857.