[240] It would appear from the documents collected by Nott (_Two Lectures on the Natural History of the Caucasian and Negro Races_, Mobile, 1844, compare Boudin, _Géogr. Méd._, vol. ii, p. 144), that as we advance towards the upper part of the Northern States, madness becomes very frequent among the Negroes. It reaches the proportion of one case of insanity among twenty-eight sane persons in Massachusetts and Maine. We hesitate in acknowledging climateric influence, because the number of cases seems to increase relatively to the degree of instruction among the people; not that madness depends on education, but because it finds out a great number of cases of which we should otherwise have been ignorant, as often happens in the east among a less enlightened people. [241] Compare Boudin, _Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie_, August 1, 1861. [242] Compare Boudin, _Traité de Géographie Médicale_, 1857, Introduction. [243] _New York Medical Journal_, p. 399, February 1831 (see Hirsch, _Handbuch der Historisch-geographischen Pathologie_, § 35, p. 1). [244] _Some Account of the Last Yellow Fever Epidemic of British Guiana_, p. 59, 8vo, London, 1850. [245] Barton, _Report of the Sanitary Commission of New Orleans for 1853_, p. 248, New Orleans, 1854 (see Hirsch, _Handbuch_, etc., § 35). He brings forward several pieces of evidence in the same question. They seem to us too decisive, in a polygenist point of view, for us not to give the entire list of his quotations: Romay, _Diss. sobre la Fiebre Amarilla_, etc., Habana, 1797: Arnold, _Treatise on the Bilious Remittent Fever_, etc., p. 26, London, 1840: Zimpel, _Jenaische Annalen für Med._, i, p. 68: Dickinson, _Observations on the Inflammatory Endemic incident to Strangers in the West Indies_, etc., p. 13, London, 1819: Ferguson, _Notes and Reflections_, p. 150, London, 1846: Dickson, _Philadelphia Med. and Phys. Journal_, iii, p. 250: Lallemand, _Das Gelbfieber_, etc., p. 121. [Schomburgk, _A Description of British Guiana_, etc., p. 22, London, 1840.--EDITOR.] [246] Words borrowed from the definition of species by Isidore Geoffroy, _Histoire Naturelle Générale_, vol. ii, p. 437. “The act which appears most natural to living beings who are perfect, and who are not abortive, nor produced by spontaneous generation, is the production of a being like themselves, the animal producing an animal, the plant a plant, so as to participate in the eternal and divine nature as much as they can.”--_De l’âme_, book ii, chap. iv, § 2, transl. by Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire. [247] Nott and Gliddon, _Indigenous Races of the Earth_, p. 443. [248] Nott and Gliddon, _Types of Mankind_, p. 373, 1854. [249] See Boudin, _Géographie Médicale_, Introduction, p. 39. [250] See Morel, _Traité des Dégénérescences_. [251] Périer, _Société d’Anthropologie_, meeting of April 21, 1864. [252] _Des Races Humaines_, 1845. [253] _Account of the Regular Gradation of Man_, p. 146.