[198] “For these reasons it appears most natural to seek their origin in the sun, the source of all living activity, and our conjecture gains probability from the preceding remarks on the daily oscillations of the needle. Upon this principle the sun may be conceived as possessing one or more magnetic axes, which, by distributing the force, occasion a magnetic difference in the earth, in the moon, and all those planets whose internal structure admits of such a difference. Yet, allowing all this, the main difficulty seems not to be overcome, but merely removed from the eyes to a greater distance; for the question may still be asked, with equal justice, whence did the sun acquire its magnetic force? And if from the sun we have recourse to a central sun, and from that again to a general magnetic direction throughout the universe, having the Milky Way for its equator, we but lengthen an unrestricted chain, every link of which hangs on the preceding link, no one of them on a point of support. All things considered, the following mode of representing the subject appears to me most plausible. If a single globe were left to move alone freely in the immensity of space, the opposite forces existing in its material structure would soon arrive at an equilibrium conformable to their nature, if they were not so at first, and all activity would soon come to an end. But if we imagine another globe to be introduced, a mutual relation will arise between the two; and one of its results will be a reciprocal tendency to unite, which is designated and sometimes thought to be explained by the merely descriptive word Attraction. Now would this tendency be the only consequence of this relation? Is it not more likely that the fundamental forces, being drawn from their state of indifference or rest, would exhibit their energy in all possible directions, giving rise to all kinds of contrary action? The electric force is excited, not by friction alone, but also by contact, and probably also, though in smaller degrees, by the mutual action of two bodies at a distance; for contact is nothing but the smallest possible distance, and that, moreover, only for a few small particles. Is it not conceivable that magnetic force may likewise originate in a similar manner? When the natural philosopher and the mathematician pay regard to no other effect of the reciprocal relation between two bodies at a distance, except the tendency to unite, they proceed logically, if their investigations require nothing more than a moving power; but should it be maintained that no other energy can be developed between two such bodies, the assertion will need proof and the proof will be hard to find.”--The above is a translation from Hansteen’s work _On Magnetism_. [199] See article _Animal Magnetism_, Encyclopædia Britannica, and Mr. Braid’s papers _On Hypnotism_, published in the “Medical Times.” CHAPTER XI. CHEMICAL FORCES.