The Popular Science Monthly, June, 1900: Vol. 57, May, 1900 to October, 1900Various
Science
The Popular Science Monthly, June, 1900: Vol. 57, May, 1900 to October, 1900
Various
Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
What is the nature of that circuit? This question has been for many
years the subject of earnest study by the clearest minds among
astronomers. The greatest difficulty in the way is the comparatively
brief period during which men have been able to make astronomical
observations of precision. Space and time are two conceptions that
transcend the powers of definition possessed by any man. But we can at
least form a notion of how vast is the extent of time, if we remember
that the period covered by man’s written records is registered but
as a single moment upon the great revolving dial of heaven’s dome.
One hundred and fifty years have elapsed since James Bradley built
the foundations of sidereal astronomy upon his masterly series of
star-observations at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, in England.
Yet so slowly do the movements of the stars unroll themselves upon the
firmament, that even to this day no one of them has been seen by men
to trace out more than an infinitesimal fraction of its destined path
through the voids of space.
Travelers upon a railroad can not tell at any given moment whether they
are moving in a straight line, or whether the train is turning upon
some curve of huge size. The St. Gothard railway has several so-called
‘corkscrew’ tunnels, within which the rails make a complete turn in a
spiral, the train finally emerging from the tunnel at a point almost
vertically over the entrance. In this way the train is lifted to a
higher level. Passengers are wont to amuse themselves while in these
tunnels by watching the needle of an ordinary pocket compass. This
needle, of course, always points to the north; and as the train turns
upon its curve, the needle will make a complete revolution. But the
passenger could not know without the compass that the train was not
moving in a perfectly straight line. Just so we passengers on the earth
are unaware of the kind of path we are traversing, until, like the
compass, the astronomer’s instruments shall reveal to us the truth.
But as we have seen, astronomical observations of precision have not as
yet extended through a period of time corresponding to the few minutes
during which the St. Gothard traveler watches the compass. We are still
in the dark, and do not know as yet whether mankind shall last long
enough upon the earth to see the compass needle make its revolution.
We are compelled to believe that the motion in space of our sun is
progressing upon a curved path; but so far as precise observations
allow us to speak, we can but say that we have as yet moved through
an infinitesimal element only of that mighty curve. However, we know
the point upon the sky towards which this tiny element of our path is
directed, and we have an approximate knowledge of the speed at which we
move.
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