The Position of Woman in Primitive Society: A Study of the MatriarchyHartley, C. Gasquoine (Catherine Gasquoine)
History
The Position of Woman in Primitive Society: A Study of the Matriarchy
Hartley, C. Gasquoine (Catherine Gasquoine)
Matriarchy; Women -- History
It now remains to consider a new field of inquiry; and that is the
abundant evidence of mother-right to be found in folk-lore, in heroic
legends, and in the fairy-stories of our children. There is a special
value in these old-world stories, that date back to a time long before
written history. They belong to all countries in slightly different
forms. We have regarded them as fables, but there was never a fable
that did not arise out of truth--not, of course, the outside truth of
facts, but from that inward truth of the life and thought of a people,
which is what really matters. I cannot, then, do better than conclude
the evidence for the mother-age by referring to some few of these
myths and legends.
In order to group the great mass of material I will take first the
creation myths. One only out of many examples can be given. The Zuñi
Indians, who, it will be remembered, are a maternal people, give this
account of the beginning of the world. We read how the Sun-god,
withdrawing strength from his flesh, impregnated the great waters,
until there arose upon them, waxing wide and weighty, the “Fourfold
Mother-earth” and the “All-covering Father-sky.”
“From the lying together of these twain, upon the great
world water, so vitalising, life was conceived, whence began
all beings of the earth, men and creatures, in the four-fold
womb of the world. Thereupon the Earth-mother repulsed the
Sky-father, growing big and sinking deep into the embrace of
the waters below, thus separated from the Sky-father, in the
embrace of the waters above.” The story states, “Warm is the
Earth-mother and cold the Sky-father, even as woman is warm
and man is cold.” Then it goes on, “‘So is thy will,’ said
the Sky-father, ‘yet not alone shalt thou helpful be unto
our children’;” and we learn how the Sky-father assisted the
Earth-mother. “Thus in other ways, many diversed, they
worked for their offspring.”[230]
[230] Cushing, _Zuñi Creation Myths_.
There is one reflection only I desire to offer on this most beautiful
maternal version of the creation legend. Here we find complete
understanding of the woman’s part; she is the one who gives life; she
is the active partner. The Sky-father is represented as her agent, her
helper. Why should this be? Contrast this idea with the patriarchal
creation story of the Bible.
“And the Lord God said, It is not good that man should be
alone; I will make him an help meet for him.... And the Lord
God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept;
and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead
thereof: and the rib which the Lord God had taken from the
man made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And the
man said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my
flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out
of Man.”[231]
[231] Gen. ii, 18, 21-23.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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