The Position of Woman in Primitive Society: A Study of the MatriarchyHartley, C. Gasquoine (Catherine Gasquoine)
History
The Position of Woman in Primitive Society: A Study of the Matriarchy
Hartley, C. Gasquoine (Catherine Gasquoine)
Matriarchy; Women -- History
“When the parents of the man and the woman meet to settle
the price of the woman, the price depends on how many days
in the week the marriage tie is to be strictly observed. The
woman’s mother first of all proposes that, taking everything
into consideration, with due regard to the feelings of the
family, she could not think of binding her daughter to a due
observance of that chastity which matrimony is expected to
command for more than two days in the week. After a great
deal of apparently angry discussion, and the promise on the
part of the relations of the man to pay more, it is arranged
that the marriage shall hold good, as is customary among the
first families of the tribe, for four days in the week, viz.
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and in compliance
with old established custom, the marriage rites during the
three remaining days shall not be insisted on, during which
days the bride shall be perfectly free to act as she may
think proper, either by adhering to her husband and home, or
by enjoying her freedom and independence from all observance
of matrimonial obligations.”[117]
[117] Spencer, _Descriptive Sociology_, Vol. V, p. 8, citing
Petherick, _Egypt, the Soudan, and Central Africa_, pp.
140-141.
A further striking example of mother-right is furnished by the Mariana
Islands, where the position of women was distinctly superior.
“Even when the man had contributed an equal share of
property on marriage, the wife dictated everything, and the
man could undertake nothing without her approval; but if the
woman committed an offence, the man was held responsible and
suffered the punishment. The women could speak in the
assembly; they held property, and if a woman asked anything
of a man, he gave it up without a murmur. If a wife was
unfaithful, the husband could send her home, keep her
property, and kill the adulterer; but if the man was guilty
or even suspected of the same offence, the women of the
neighbourhood destroyed his house and all his visible
property, and the owner was fortunate if he escaped with a
whole skin; and if the wife was not pleased with her
husband, she withdrew, and a similar attack followed. On
this account many men were not married, preferring to live
with paid women.”[118]
[118] Thomas, _Sex and Society_, pp. 73-74, quoting
Waitz-Gerland.
A similar case of the rebellion of men against their position is
recorded in Guinea, where religious symbolism was used by the husband
as a way of obtaining control and possession of his wife. The maternal
system held with respect only to the chief wife.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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