Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
Anoda Wrightii (Malvaceae).—The cotyledons whilst moderately young, and
only from .2 to .3 inch in diameter, sink in the evening from their
mid-day horizontal position to about 35° beneath the horizon. But when
the same seedlings were older and had produced small true leaves, the
almost orbicular cotyledons, now .55 inch in diameter, moved vertically
downwards at night. This fact made us suspect that their sinking might
be due merely to their weight; but they were not in the least flaccid,
and when lifted up sprang back through elasticity into their former
dependent position. A pot with some old seedlings was turned upside
down in the afternoon, before the nocturnal fall had commenced, and at
night they assumed in opposition to their own weight (and to any
geotropic action) an upwardly directed vertical position. When pots
were thus reversed, after the evening fall had already commenced, the
sinking movement appeared to be somewhat disturbed; but all their
movements were occasionally variable without any apparent cause. This
latter fact, as well as that of the young cotyledons not sinking nearly
so much as the older ones, deserves notice.
Although the movement of the cotyledons endured for a long time, no
pulvinus was exteriorly visible; but their growth continued for a long
time. The cotyledons appear to be only slightly heliotropic, though the
hypocotyl is strongly so.
Gossypium arboreum (?) (var. Nankin cotton) (Malvaceae).—The cotyledons
behave in nearly the same manner as those of the Anoda. On June 15th
the cotyledons of two seedlings were .65 inch in length (measured along
the midrib) and stood horizontally at noon; at 10 P.M. they occupied
the same position and had not fallen at all. On June 23rd, the
cotyledons of one of these seedlings were 1.1 inch in length, and by 10
P.M. they had fallen from a horizontal position to 62° beneath the
horizon. The cotyledons of the other seedling were 1.3 inch in length,
and a minute true leaf had been formed; they had fallen at 10 P.M. to
70° beneath the horizon. On June 25th, the true leaf of this latter
seedling was .9 inch in length, and the cotyledons occupied nearly the
same position at night. By July 9th the cotyledons appeared very old
and showed signs of withering; but they stood at noon almost
horizontally, and at 10 P.M. hung down vertically.
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