Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
Some observations were made on the circumnutation of the leaves of L.
luteus and arboreus. It will suffice to say that the leaflets of the
latter exhibited a double oscillation in the course of 24 h.; for they
fell from the early morning until 10.15 A.M., then rose and zigzagged
greatly till 4 P.M., after which hour the great nocturnal fall
commenced. By 8 A.M. on the following morning the leaflets had risen to
their proper height. We have seen in the fourth chapter, that the
leaves of Lupinus speciosus, which do not sleep, circumnutate to an
extraordinary extent, making many ellipses in the course of the day.
Cytisus (Tribe 2), Trigonella and Medicago (Tribe 3).—Only a few
observations were made on these three genera. The petioles on a young
plant, about a foot in height, of Cytisus fragrans rose at night, on
one occasion 23° and on another 33°. The three leaflets also bend
upwards, and at the same time
approach each other, so that the base of the central leaflet overlaps
the bases of the two lateral leaflets. They bend up so much that they
press against the stem; and on looking down on one of these young
plants from vertically above, the lower surfaces of the leaflets are
visible; and thus their upper surfaces, in accordance with the general
rule, are best protected from radiation. Whilst the leaves on these
young plants were thus behaving, those on an old bush in full flower
did not sleep at night.
Fig. 139. Medicago marina: A, leaves during the day; B, leaves asleep
at night.
Trigonella Cretica resembles a Melilotus in its sleep, which will be
immediately described. According to M. Royer,[9] the leaves of Medicago
maculata rise up at night, and “se renversent un peu de manière à
presenter obliquement au ciel leur face inférieure.” A drawing is here
given (Fig. 139) of the leaves of M. marina awake and asleep; and this
would almost serve for Cytisus fragrans in the same two states.
[9] ‘Annales des Sc. Nat. Bot.’ (5th series), ix. 1868, p. 368.
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