Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
Amphicarpoea monoica (Tribe 8).—The leaflets sink down vertically at
night, and the petioles likewise fall considerably. A petiole, which
was carefully observed, stood during the day 25° above the horizon and
at night 32° below it; it therefore fell 57°. A filament was fixed
transversely across the terminal leaflet of a fine young leaf (2 1/4
inches in length including the
petiole), and the movement of the whole leaf was traced on a vertical
glass. This was a bad plan in some respects, because the rotation of
the leaflet, independently of its rising or falling, raised and
depressed the filament; but it was the best plan for our special
purpose of observing whether the leaf moved much after it had gone to
sleep. The plant had twined closely round a thin stick, so that the
circumnutation of the stem was prevented. The movement of the leaf was
traced during 48 h., from 9 A.M. July 10th to 9 A.M. July 12th. In the
figure given (Fig. 151) we see how complicated its course was on both
days: during the second day it changed its course greatly 13 times. The
leaflets began to go to sleep a little after 6 P.M., and by 7.15 P.M.
hung vertically down and were completely asleep; but on both nights
they continued to move from 7.15 P.M. to 10.40 and 10.50 P.M., quite as
much as during the day; and this was the point which we wished to
ascertain. We see in the figure that the great sinking movement late in
the evening does not differ essentially from the circumnutation during
the day.
Fig. 151. Amphicarpoea monoica: circumnutation and nyctitropic movement
of leaf during 48 h.; its apex 9 inches from the vertical glass. Figure
reduced to one-third of original scale. Plant illuminated from above;
temp 17½°–18½° C.
Glycine hispida (Tribe 8).—The three leaflets sink vertically down at
night.
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