On the 1st of August, 1798, Dr. Vince observed at Ramsgate a ship which appeared as at A, (fig. 29.) the topmast being the only part of it that was seen above the horizon. An inverted image of it was seen at B, immediately above the real ship A, and an erect image at C, both of them being complete and well defined. The sea was distinctly seen between them, as at V W. As the ship rose to the horizon the image C gradually disappeared, and while this was going on, the image B descended, but the mainmast of B did not meet the mainmast of A. The two images BC were perfectly visible when the whole ship was actually below the horizon. Dr. Vince then directed his telescope to another ship whose hull was just in the horizon, and he observed a complete inverted image of it, the mainmast of which just touched the mainmast of the ship itself. He saw at the same time several other ships whose images appeared in nearly a similar manner, in one of which the two images were visible when the whole ship was beneath the horizon. These phenomena must have been produced by the same causes which operated in the case formerly mentioned, in relation to Captain Scoresby, when he saw the figure of his father’s ship inverted in the distant horizon. Such cases are, perhaps not uncommon, especially in calm and sultry weather, but they are seldom observed, except when a person’s attention is accidentally directed to the phenomenon, and, unless he use a telescope, it will not be so distinctly perceived. The following phenomenon, of a description nearly related to the above, has been supposed to be chiefly owing to _reflection_. On the 18th of November, 1804, Dr. Buchan, when watching the rising sun, about a mile to the east of Brighton, just as the solar disk emerged from the surface of the water, saw the face of the cliff on which he was standing, a windmill, his own figure and the figure of his friend, distinctly represented, precisely opposite, at some distance from the ocean. This appearance lasted about ten minutes, till the sun had risen nearly his own diameter above the sea. The whole then seemed to be elevated into the air and successively disappeared. The surface of the sun was covered with a dense fog of many yards in height, which gradually receded from the rays of the sun as he ascended from the horizon.