_Treatment._—When depending on inflammatory action, it is necessary to bleed and give cooling drinks with an emetic. In ordinary cases, the treatment should begin with the warm bath or fomentations, with three grains of calomel, one grain of opium, and three grains of assafœtida pill; the whole made and divided into two pills, which are to be taken every six hours, and a starch injection with assafœtida tincture twice a day. As the symptoms improve, tonics are to be given, at first mild, and gradually increased in strength, and combined with wine and a soft unexciting diet. DIARRHŒA. A relaxation or looseness of the bowels, consequent upon a certain condition of the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal; that is, either a state of congestion, or stagnant state of the blood in the membrane; or else from an inflammatory condition of the same tissue; or it may proceed from ulceration of the bowels, the presence of indigestible food, or acrid substances in the stomach; it may also occur as a crisis of fever, and without any direct cause of irritation. The causes that produce diarrhœa are very numerous, and often of the most opposite nature; though the chief are, sudden cold applied to the body, checked perspiration, powerful stimulants, the inhalation of noxious gases, &c. _Symptoms._—Nausea, sickness, and vomiting, thirst, dry state of the mouth and skin, frequent and copious evacuations, and a furred or red condition of the tongue. _Treatment._—The first step in the treatment of diarrhœa is to check the vomiting; to effect this, the feet are to be plunged into hot water and kept constantly warm, and a small blister or one or two leeches applied to the pit of the stomach. The state of the tongue must decide the nature of the subsequent treatment. When this organ is coated either with a white or brownish fur, it indicates a congested state of the membrane of the stomach, and must be treated by the exhibition of an emulsive mixture of chalk, and when the symptoms are attended with pain, by an opiate pill, as in the following prescription. Prepared Chalk 1 ounce. Honey ½ ounce. Peppermint Water 6 ounces. Mix into a smooth mass, of which give a table-spoonful every hour, and a one-grain powdered opium pill every four or six hours, till the pain is subdued. When, however, the tongue is red both on its surface and sides, it indicates inflammatory action, and must be treated by an opposite mode of practice, and the following mixture administered; the opium, however, being employed when pain is present, in the same form and frequency as in the former state of the bowels. Infusion of Rose Leaves 8 ounces. Epsom Salts ½ ounce.