=Treatment.=—The removal of the worms with the least possible harm to
the body is indicated. Thymol is a poison which is not absorbed by the
body, when carefully given, and which is very toxic to the parasite.
The dose varies from eight grains for a child under five years of age,
to forty-five for an adult. Thymol is soluble in fats and in alcohol,
so that for a day or so before the thymol is given, and from one to
four days after, no fats or alcohol should be taken. The best way to
avoid poisoning by thymol is to give the patient charcoal, then no
fats or alcohol is permitted until the treatment is completed. When
the stools become black, the thymol is given on an empty stomach. A
purgative is given a few hours later. Enemas should be used very freely
in order to facilitate the removal of the injured or poisoned worms.
Another dose of charcoal is given, and when the stools are black again,
the patient may return to his ordinary diet. The denial of fats to the
person so thoroughly accustomed to bacon three times a day is a factor
met with difficulty in dealing with patients of the ordinary class with
the disease. (Clinical Osteopathy.)
=Prophylaxis.=—After treatment it is imperative to prevent reinfection
and to do that the most rigorous sanitary measures must be instituted.
All feces must be disposed of and habits of cleanliness in defecation
insisted upon while negroes, who harbor the worm without showing
symptoms, must be looked after as well as the actual victims. Care of
the feet is important and shoes should be worn in infected regions
and all abrasions of the skin protected. Drinking water must be
uncontaminated which presents a problem as wells and springs are
usually unprotected. Absolute and persistent cleanliness is the answer
to the question of prevention.
Trichiniasis
Trichiniasis is a name given to a disease produced by the embryos of
the trichina spiralis. In the adult condition the trichina spiralis
lives in the small intestines. The embryos migrate into the muscles
where they finally become encapsulated. Man is infected by eating
insufficiently cooked pork containing the encapsulated worm, which
is set free during the digestive process. About the third day they
attain their full growth and become sexually mature. Each one
discharges large numbers of embryos. As soon as born the young brood
is carried away from the bowel and invade the muscles through various
channels—principally by means of the blood stream and along the
connective tissue routes. The female trichina may bring forth several
broods of embryos in succession. In nine or ten days after infection
the first brood reaches its destination. They attain to maturity in
about two weeks after entering the muscular tissue. In this process an
interstitial myositis is excited and a fibrous capsule is formed in
four to six weeks. The capsule gradually becomes thicker and finally
calcareous infiltration may take place.
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