The principal need of osteopathic internal rectal treatment, is: (1) To relax all contracted and constricted fibres about the walls of the rectum and between the sacrum and coccyx. (2) To correct a dislocated coccyx. (3) To dilate the sphincters thoroughly, in order to relieve irritations about the sphincters, and to stimulate the sympathetic nerves. Work through the rectum to treat an enlarged prostate gland, to correct a displaced uterus, and to make a more thorough examination of the uterine tissues, the Fallopian tubes and the ovaries, is a frequent occurrence. In giving =local treatment=, cleanse the fingers and oil the index finger; then, after introducing it into the rectum relax the contracted tissues by an upward sweeping motion on all sides. This treatment relieves all obstructions to vessels and nerves caused by contracted fibres, and tones the rectal walls. In prolapsed sigmoid, causing obstructive constipation, the finger can be used to separate the folds of mucous membrane and open the lumen of the bowel. Frequently there will be enough tone to the muscular coat so that the irritation will set up slight peristalsis and cause the bowel to draw up to a considerable degree. In children where there is much straining at the stool, the sigmoid will often be found down and by using the little finger the same results can be accomplished and much relief given. To =dilate= and =stretch= the sphincters thoroughly a speculum or dilator should be used under anesthesia; still, considerable can be done by one or two fingers. The sphincter should be thoroughly stretched in all directions, care being taken when an instrument is used that too much force is not applied. Secure as much voluntary relaxation of the sphincter as possible. Inhibition at 2d and 3d sacral will aid. This treatment is of aid in cases of hemorrhoids and prolapse of the rectum, in constipation due to the loss of tonicity of the lower bowels, in tightness of the sphincters, in pain of the rectum, and in stimulating the heart and lungs. In cases of a prolapsed rectum, due to irritation about the sphincters, causing tenesmus, this treatment is of special value, as it gives the sphincter a physiological rest. Frequency of treatment per rectum must depend entirely on the patient and disease. It can be given daily in many cases and is frequently so indicated in acute hemorrhoids, prostatic troubles, etc.