=Rectal conditions=, associated with piles, and =requiring surgery= after treatment has failed, are: =hemorrhoids=, which are of such long standing as to become organized tissue, (these will keep up continual irritation and cannot be absorbed); =saccules= or pocket, formed by folds of mucous membrane catching and holding particles of feces, gradually enlarging and ending with considerable reflex symptoms; =fistulae=, complete or incomplete, may frequently be healed by adjusting coccygeal or innominate lesions, but are apt to recur from the tract not being clean in the center or bottom; =abscesses= in or about the anus or rectum are usually traced to coccygeal, innominate, or local interference to circulation; =fissure=, complete dilatation under anesthesia to insure physiological rest of parts, is probably the best treatment. It is suggested that a fissure may be healed by making surgically clean, touching with iodine and coating with collodium. =Papillae= are small, hard black-capped papules in the lower rectum, each one involving a nerve terminal and causing much distress. All these conditions give rise to much discomfort and with surgical assistance can be cured without much trouble. It is not necessary to make them a major operation and do uncalled-for things. The less surgery about the rectal sphincter the better. =Care= of the =anus= and =rectum= after operation or successful treatment is a factor in preventing return. First, there should be soluble, non-irritating stools, which do not tend to bring about prolapse from straining. Diet and regularity contribute to this. Second, absolute cleanliness. This can only be obtained by following the stool with an enema of four or five ounces of cool water and immediately passing it. It will bring forth a considerable quantity of feces which would otherwise have been retained for another twenty-four hours. This procedure following, as it does, the stool does not in any way interfere with the normal function or create a habit. The anus should then be thoroughly washed in cool water and as thoroughly dried. Dusting with borated talcum powder, starch, etc., will prevent chafing. GENITO-URINARY THE PROSTATE GLAND