This is an inflammation of the eyelid. It is either =acute= or =chronic= according to the cause. Acute blepharitis may be due to heat or injury. Chronic blepharitis affects the glands of the lid causing a perversion of the secretions. There is usually the formation of crusts and scales. This condition is known as =blepharitis sicca=. In some cases infection will form little pustules at the roots of the cilia. There is soreness and aching. There may be photophobia. The nasal region may be involved. Osseous lesions of the cervical region are usually present. Refractive errors frequently exist in these cases. Occupation or environment may expose to dust or wind sufficient to keep up the irritation. =Treatment.=—Change environment. See that there is thorough cleanliness of the lid. Rub or pick away all scales. Use a bland ointment. Correct any cervical or upper dorsal lesions. Ptosis This is =congenital= or =acquired=. In congenital ptosis operation seems to be the only treatment. Acquired ptosis is amenable to treatment frequently. The cause is some lesion interfering with the passage of proper nerve force to the levator muscle of the lid. The lesion may be at the origin of the third nerve, at the cortical nucleus in the sigmoid gyrus or in the trunk of the third nerve, or a lesion of the muscle itself. Tumor, trauma, syphilis, sclerosis, hemorrhage, gout or rheumatism, or anything that will produce a peripheral neuritis are causative factors. Lesions of the cervical and upper dorsal by reflecting back upon the nerve centers may produce a ptosis. =Treatment.=—Remedial measures according to indications. Cases due to osteopathic lesions as indicated will usually yield readily to treatment. Where there are other factors treatment must be varied accordingly. Trichiasis This is a condition in which part or all of the eye lashes turn inward and touch the eye ball, due to cicatricial contractions in the conjunctiva and tarsus. Many of the cilia are so small in these conditions that it is very difficult to see them. A loupe or a magnifying glass must be used in order to discover them. =Dystrichiasis= is a condition where the cilia come in irregularly growing in all directions, some of them turning in toward the eye ball and causing irritation. =Treatment.=—An epilatory should be used to extract all of the wild hairs. Care should be taken to get out the finest ones as they will frequently cause irritation if not removed. Entropion and Ectropion