In most cases there is a considerable collection of adhesions in the nasopharynx or posterior nares or in both. Enlarged “posterior turbinate bodies” and the extension of the inferior turbinates into the pharynx are also common results of the hypertrophic process. Complete surgical removal of this excess tissue and the after treatment as described above under chronic nasopharyngitis are frequently required to obtain complete and permanent results. These cases can be successfully treated if the proper attention is given to all possible causes in each individual case. It is the individualization, the specific and detailed attention to the cause or causes, and such treatment continued for sufficient time, that will obtain results. In atrophic pharyngitis, normal nutrition to the parts and usually to the entire system must be restored. Many such cases are secondary to systemic anemia or to rheumatic intoxication. A careful examination should be made for evidence of systemic causes. In many cases, I believe that thorough osteopathic corrective work applied to the mid and lower spine is the most essential part of the treatment. Other than this the local treatment as described under atrophic rhinitis applies here. Tonsillitis There is perhaps no other organ of the body, diseases of which have caused a greater variance of opinion relative to treatment than the tonsils. There are those who believe that every hypertrophied, atrophied, or infected tonsil together with its fellow of the opposite side should be removed. There are also those who believe that no tonsils, regardless of their pathology, should ever be removed. These are the radicals and their views are not at all in keeping with present day facts. Those physicians and surgeons who have tried to arrive at some safe conclusion on this subject, believe that there are certain methods of non-surgical treatment which are effective in many cases and they also believe that in other cases, tonsillectomy is imperative. =Functions of the Tonsils.=—Many and varied functions for the tonsils have been held by various theorists such as: the absorption of the products of salivary digestion; the secretion of an amylolytic ferment; that they are atavistic structures and therefore have no function; that they eliminate systemic toxins; that they serve as culture tubes for the production of vaccines; that they protect the deeper cervical tissues from bacterial invasion; the theory of internal secretion and a score of other theories which so far, have never been substantiated by either clinical or experimental evidence.