=Treatment.=—Drainage by direct incision of the abscess pocket is indicated as early as a definite diagnosis can be made. There is no definite technic to be followed except to observe certain general principles. If the “pointing” of the abscess can be located, it is comparatively easy to make a good, free, direct incision and accomplish complete drainage. In many cases the only way to locate the pocket is to employ a probe or small, long, scalpel and explore between the pillar and tonsil until the pus pocket is found. As soon as this is located the pus pours out around the probe and this gives the location. Free drainage by means of a liberal incision should then be made. Aspiration of the pus pocket and filling with phenol-glycerine is effective after drainage has been obtained, but a liberal drainage must be maintained. The non-surgical treatment as described under acute tonsillitis is to be applied here. Chronic Tonsillitis Chronic tonsillitis usually is the result of one or many attacks of acute infections of the tonsils. Occasionally cases of marked chronic tonsillitis occur in which the patient denies ever having had an acute attack. The pathology consists of hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue and connective tissue. =Diagnosis.=—The purpose in diagnosis is not to determine whether the tonsil is hypertrophied but to determine whether the tonsil is causing any local or general physiological perversions and if so, whether local treatment or surgery should be applied. The direct examination should be made very carefully, because otherwise a bad tonsil may be readily overlooked. The mere fact that a tonsil is large or has open crypts from which a whitish mass may be expressed does not mean that such a tonsil is directly responsible for local or systemic physiologic perversions. The examination should be made by means of a tongue depressor, tonsil retractor and a good head mirror and reflecting lamp. Every part of the tonsil and surrounding pillars should be carefully examined. Firm pressure applied against the tonsil from in front and behind will often force material from the crypts or out around the capsular margin. Any such material thus expressed should be examined microscopically. By probing the crypts with a small pointed cotton-wound probe and staining the material obtained, the condition of the deep parts of the tonsil can be determined. The symptoms in every case, are to be considered with the microscopic findings, but there are cases in which either of these, together with appearance on direct examination, is sufficient to determine the advisability of tonsillectomy. In general, we may say that the following factors would indicate tonsillectomy. 1. Chronic, recurrent tonsillitis with or without complications, which does not respond to non-surgical treatment.