In the milder types we find the following symptoms present. There is
a marked feeling of well being. The patient, having lost sight of his
personal limitations, feels a consequent exalted opinion of himself.
His conduct is often rather boisterous, he talks a great deal, often
swearing and using obscene language. He is inconsiderate of others and
tries to impose his will upon those about him. There goes with this a
certain unstability of the emotional tone as manifested by the quickly
changing feeling of good humor, irritability and anger. There is a
rapid flow of ideas with a marked loss in the ability to concentrate
and direct thought. The ideas which pass through the mind do not
coordinate themselves toward a definite goal, but deviate from the
course of consecutive thinking by any passing association. Again there
is a restlessness and activity beyond all normal bounds. The individual
feels strong physically and mentally. The appetite is unusually good
and if activity is not too extreme there may be a gain in weight. The
period of sleep is diminished and the feeling of fatigue is reduced.
In the more exaggerated cases the flight of ideas becomes more marked,
the associations are more rapid and superficial and the attention is
focused but momentarily. Illusions and delusions may be present due
to the imperfect preceptions from inability to concentrate attention
and from abnormal associations. Rhyming speech, disconnection of
phrases and even apparent incoherence are often present. The state
of mind may be such that the patient tears his clothing, breaks up
furniture, jumps, dances and shouts and often will not take time to
eat. The most extreme cases which refuse food over some period of time
progress rapidly to exhaustion and measures to conserve strength become
imperative.
=Depressive Phase.=—In this phase of the disorder are encountered
manifestations which are in direct contrast to those presented in
the manic phase. In place of the exalted emotional state there is a
depression. There is a tendency to worry over trivial matters of the
daily routine and of instances in past life. Introspection is the
predominant mental attitude and the whole outer world is colored by
the inner feeling of worry and uncertainty. Replacing the rapidity
of thought in the manic phase there is a distinct slowing of mental
processes in the depressive phase. Thinking is more difficult and
labored, questions are answered slowly and with an apparent effort and
there is usually a tendency to avoid social life.
Again replacing the excessive activity in mania the depressions show
a retarded action. There is disinclination or disability toward any
effort either motor or mental. The patient feels weak and incapable of
effort, the body assumes a bent attitude and the facial expression is
one of despondency. The appetite is usually impaired with resultant
loss of weight, the bowels are sluggish, the period of sleep reduced.
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