When I took charge of the surgical work at Kirksville, osteopathy was not used in post-surgical treatment. Post-operative vomiting was treated medically, as were other post-operative conditions, including pneumonia. Cases of a real major surgical nature rarely got an osteopathic treatment. The idea seemed to be that osteopathic post-operative treatment had to be along the same lines as it would be for such an illness as lumbago, brachial neuritis, or ordinary pneumonia, and other non-surgical conditions where the patient could be placed for giving a treatment in a position that was not permissible following an operation, as it would work great harm to the wound. It seemed to me that if osteopathy was effective in a case of ordinary non-surgical pneumonia, it should certainly be good for a case of pneumonia that was post-operative and that all we had to do to handle the condition was to apply a new technique of treatment that could be used on a patient who had a surgical wound. All we had to do was to so manipulate the spine that we would get the results locally, and yet handle it in such a manner as not to affect the wound. Many laymen, and even some physicians of our own school, express surprise at the suggestion that we do much osteopathic work in the after care of surgical patients. But the fact is we have worked it out so that now, except for pain, during the immediate after effects of the operation drugs are absolutely not used in our hospital for any of the post-operative complications. The opiate immediately following the operation, is really a follow up of the anesthetic, and we use that as rarely as possible. Needless to say, there are cases such as un-united fractures, extensive adhesions, etc., where the emergency conditions positively call for some relief of the pain for a short while, but that is the only condition that we cannot control with mechanical treatment. I am very glad that I had the confidence to give this an early trial and a thorough trial, without being afraid to leave off the drugs. The big field, however, where osteopathic treatment has won the most impressive success and proved itself a most absolute specific, is in the field of post-operative pneumonia with which I am proud to announce a one hundred per cent. success for combined osteopathic treatment in my fourteen years continuous surgical work. Not to have lost a single case is partly due to luck. In other words, with any series of serious cases, it is impossible but that there be some fatality finally.