The =first week= dates from the onset of the fever which generally (but
by no means in all cases) rises steadily during the first week a degree
or a degree and one-half each day, reaching 103 or 104 degrees F. The
pulse is quickened to 90 to 110 per minute and is full, of low tension
and sometimes dicrotic. There is great thirst, also a coated tongue.
The skin is hot and dry and there is rather intense headache. Unless
the fever is high there is no delirium. The sleep is disturbed and
there may be mental confusion and wandering. Cough with some thoracic
oppression is not uncommon at the onset. The abdomen is slightly
distended and tender. There may be either constipation or diarrhea. The
spleen is somewhat swollen and a rose colored rash appears on the skin
of the abdomen and chest.
During the =second week= the fever remains high and exhibits the
continued type, the morning remission being slight. The pulse is
accelerated. The headache disappears, but there is marked mental
dullness and slowness and there may be a mild delirium at night. The
tongue is coated and the lips are dry. The abdomen is tympanitic and
tender. Diarrhea replaces constipation. The case may prove fatal during
this week from the result of nervous or pulmonary symptoms, hemorrhage,
or perforation.
The fever changes in the =third week= from a continuous to a remittent
type. The pulse ranges from 110 to 130. The patient is very weak.
Complications may arise, as pulmonary symptoms, feebleness of heart,
intestinal hemorrhage, perforation, and peritonitis.
In favorable cases during the =fourth week= the fever begins to decline
and the general and local symptoms gradually disappear. In protracted
cases the =fourth= and =fifth= weeks may present the symptoms of
the third week. Frequently the following aggravated symptoms are
added: stupor, delirium, increased weakness, rapid, feeble pulse,
and distended abdomen. Heart failure and inflammatory complications
increase the danger.
During the =fifth= and =sixth weeks= a few cases will show irregular
fever. Great care should be taken that complications do not occur.
The =fever= is the most important and characteristic symptom and from
the temperature alone a diagnosis may be made. During these stages of
development, which is the first four or five days, the temperature
rises steadily; the evening temperature being about a degree or a
degree and one-half higher than the morning remissions, reaching 104
or 105 degrees F. at the end of the first week. When the =fastigium=
is reached the fever persists with slight morning remissions. At the
end of the second and throughout the third week the temperature becomes
more remittent and there may be a difference of three or four degrees
between the morning and evening temperature. During the last stage the
fever falls by =lysis=, forming a more or less regular step-like line
of descent. The stage lasts from one week to ten days.
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