In treating the =liver= directly, the ribs over the liver should be raised and separated, and the lower border of the liver manipulated directly, as considerable therapeutic results can be obtained, particularly when the liver is congested and enlarged. Manipulation of the =bile ducts= is very essential in many liver diseases. The treatment relieves congestion of the ducts and removes any collections of mucus in the ducts due to the congestion, as well as freeing obstructed flow of bile. The manipulation should be a deep, downward one, directly over the path of the ducts (from about the cartilage of the ninth rib to the duodenal orifice of the biliary tract, the latter being about one and one-half inches diagonally downward and to the right of the umbilicus). Be very careful when first manipulating, and bear down lightly over the duct so that the structures superficial to it may be relaxed as the duct is deep below the surface of the abdomen. Usually the gall-gladder can be emptied by light pressure over the skin above the cartilages of the eighth, ninth and tenth ribs. The light manipulation acts, probably, by way of the spinal segment, as a stimulus to the dilators of the sphincters of the gall-bladder. Very likely through reciprocal innervation relaxing the sphincter of the bile duct will contract fibres of the gall bladder. Manipulation of the =stomach= has considerable effect in strengthening its circular fibres and toning up the coats in general. In cases of gas formation, the gas in some instances may by manipulating over the stomach, be forced through the cardiac or pyloric orifices. Direct treatment over the =spleen= by raising the eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh ribs of the left side is effectual in congestion and enlargement of the organ. In thin subjects the =kidneys= can be treated directly by pressing down carefully but deeply over the kidneys, and lightly crowding them upward and outward. This treatment also has some effect in relieving contracted tissues about the renal vessels and kidneys.