[339] Beke, pp. 51–2. Isenberg, p. 36. [340] Reclus, vol. x. p. 247. Massaja, vol. xi. p. 125. [341] Massaja, vol. xi. p. 124. [342] Massaja, vol. xi. pp. 77–8. [343] Id. pp. 124, 125. [344] Oppel, p. 307. Reclus, tome x. p. 247. [345] Massaja, vol. xi. pp. 79, 81. [346] Morié, vol. ii. p. 449. [347] Littmann, pp. 68–70. K. Cederquist: Islam and Christianity in Abyssinia, p. 154 (The Moslem World, vol. ii.). [348] Gibbon, vol. i. p. 161. [349] Id. vol. ii. p. 212. [350] C. O. Castiglioni: Recherches sur les Berbères atlantiques, pp. 96–7. (Milan, 1826.) [351] Synesii Catastasis. (Migne: Patr. Gr., tom. lxvi. p. 1569.) [352] Neander (2), p. 320. [353] Gibbon, vol. iv. pp. 331–3. [354] Id. vol. v. p. 115. [355] Tijānī, p. 201. Gibbon, vol. v. p. 122. [356] Gibbon, vol. v. p. 214. [357] Neander (1), vol. v. pp. 254–5. J. E. T. Wiltsch: Hand-book of the geography and statistics of the Church, vol. i. pp. 433–4. (London, 1859.) J. Bournichon: L’Invasion musulmane en Afrique, pp. 32–3. (Tours, 1890.) [358] Leo Africanus. (Ramusio, tom. i. p. 70, D.) [359] “Deusen, una città antichissima edificata da Romani dove confina il regno di Buggia col diserto di Numidia.” (Id. p. 75, F.) [360] Pavy, vol. i. p. iv. [361] “Tous ceux qui ne se convertirent pas à l’islamisme, ou qui (conservant leur foi) ne voulurent pas s’obliger à payer la capitation, durent prendre la fuite devant les armées musulmanes.” (Tijānī, p. 201.) [362] Leo Africanus. (Ramusio, tom. i. p. 7.) [363] “Afros passim ad ecclesiasticos ordines (procedentes) prætendentes nulla ratione suscipiat (Bonifacius), quia aliqui eorum Manichæi, aliqui rebaptizati sæpius sunt probati.” Epist. iv. (Migne: Patr. Lat., tom. lxxxix, p. 502.) [364] Leo Africanus. (Ramusio, pp. 65, 66, 68, 69, 76.) [365] Qayrwān or Cairoan, founded A.H. 50; Fez, founded A.H. 185; al-Mahdiyyah, founded A.H. 303; Masīlah, founded A.H. 315; Marocco, founded A.H. 424. (Abū’l-Fidā, tome ii. pp. 198, 186, 200, 191, 187.) [366] Ibn Abī Zarʻ, p. 16.