during all the changes of that prolonged period known as the Glacial Age.64 Sir John Lubbock also records his assent to these views. He says on this point: “It is, I think, more than probable that the advent of the Glacial Period found man already in possession of Europe.”65 In our own country Prof. Powell says: “It is now an established fact that man was widely scattered over the earth at least as early as the beginning of the Quaternary period, and perhaps in Pliocene times.”66 This completes our investigation of the men of the River Drift. We see how, by researches of careful scholars, our knowledge of the past has been enlarged. Though there are many points which are as yet hidden in darkness, we are enabled to form quite a clear mental picture of this early race. Out of the darkness which still enshrouds the continent of Asia we see these bands of savages wandering forth; some to Europe, Africa, and the west; others to America and the east. This was at a time when slowly falling temperature but dimly prophesied a reign of arctic cold, still far in the future. This race does not seem to have had much capacity for advancement, since ages came and went leaving him in the same low state. During the climax of glacial cold he doubtless sought the southern coasts of Europe along with the temperate species of animals. But whenever the climatic conditions were such that these animals could find subsistence as far north as England he accompanied them there, and so his remains are found constantly associated with theirs throughout Europe. Though doubtless very low in the scale, and at the very foot of the ladder of human progress, we are acquainted with no facts connecting them with the higher orders of animals. If such exists, we must search for them further back in geological time. The men of the River Drift were distinctively human beings, and as such possessed those qualities which, developing throughout the countless ages that have elapsed, have advanced man to his present high position. REFERENCES This chapter was submitted to Prof. G. F. Wright, of Oberlin, for criticism. Lyell’s “Antiquity of Man;” Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 332. It is, however, applicable to only a portion of the Quaternary, or Post-tertiary period. (Wright.) Chapter II. Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 339. Dawkins’s “Cave Hunting,” p. 365. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 112. Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 337.