The Press-Gang Afloat and AshoreHutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
History
The Press-Gang Afloat and Ashore
Hutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
Great Britain -- History, Naval; Impressment
In this general scouring of the coastal waters of the kingdom certain
points were of necessity subjected to a much closer surveillance than
others. Particularly was this true of the sea routes followed by the
East and West India, and the Baltic, Virginia, Newfoundland, Dutch
and Greenland trades, where these converged upon such centres of
world-commerce as London, Poole, Bristol, Liverpool and the great
northern entrepôts on the Forth and Clyde, the Humber and the Tyne. A
tender stationed off Poole, when a Newfoundland fish-convoy was expected
in, never failed to reap a rich harvest. At Highlake, near the mouth
of the Mersey, many a fine haul was made from the sugar and rum-laden
Jamaica ships, the privateers and slavers from which Liverpool drew her
wealth. Early in the century sloops of war had orders "to cruise between
Beechy and the Downs to Impress men out of homeward-bound Merchant
Ships," and in 1755 Rodney's lieutenants found the Channel "full of
tenders." Except in times of profound peace--few and brief in the
century under review--it was rarely or never in any other state. An
ocean highway so congested with the winged vehicles of commerce could
not escape the constant vigilance of those whose business it was to
waylay the inward-bound sailor.
A favourite station in the Channel was "at ye west end of ye Isle of
Wight, near Hurst Castle," where the watchful tender, having under her
eye all ships coming from the westward, as well as all passing through
the Needles, could press at pleasure by the simple expedient of sending
gangs aboard of them. At certain times of the year such ports as
Grimsby, Great Yarmouth, Lowestoft and Brixham came in for similar
attention. When the fleets were due back from the "Great Fishery" on the
Dogger Banks, tenders cruising off those ports netted more men than they
could find room for; and so heavy was the tribute paid in this way by
the fishermen of the last-named port in 1805, that "not a single man was
to be found in Brixham liable to the impress." Every unprotected man,
out of a total of ninety-six fishing-smacks then belonging to the place,
had been snapped up by the tenders and ships of war cruising off the bay
or further up-Channel. [Footnote: _Admiralty Records_ 1. 581--Admiral
Berkeley, Report on Rendezvous, 15 Sept.]
The double cordon composed of ships and tenders on the cruise by no
means exhausted the resources called into play for the intercepting of
the sailor afloat. Still nearer the land was a third or innermost line
composed of boat-gangs operating, like so many of the tenders, from
rendezvous on shore, or from ships of war lying in dock or riding
at anchor. Less continuous than the outer cordon, it was not less
effective, and many a sailor who by strategy or good luck had all but
won through, struck his flag to the gang when perhaps only the cast of a
line separated him from shore and liberty.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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