_i.e._, the ‘_Velocity-vector_’ is the time-like vector of unit measure
in the direction of the world-line at P, the ‘_Acceleration-vector_’ at
P is normal to the velocity-vector at P, and is in any case, a
space-like vector.
Now there is, as can be easily seen, a certain hyperbola, which has
three infinitely contiguous points in common with the world-line at P,
and of which the asymptotes are the generators of a ‘fore-cone’ and an
‘aft-cone.’ This hyperbola may be called the “hyperbola of curvature” at
P (_vide_ fig. 3). If M be the centre of this hyperbola, then we have to
deal here with an ‘Inter-hyperbola’ with centre M. Let P = measure of
the vector MP, then we easily perceive that the acceleration-vector at P
is _a vector of magnitude_ _c²_/ρ _in the direction of_ MP.
If [.._x_], [.._y_], [.._z_], [.._t_] are nil, then the hyperbola of
curvature at P reduces to the straight line touching the world-line at
P, and ρ = ∞.
IV
In order to demonstrate that the assumption of the group G_{_c_} for the
physical laws does not possibly lead to any contradiction, it is
unnecessary to undertake a revision of the whole of physics on the basis
of the assumptions underlying this group. The revision has already been
successfully made in the case of “Thermodynamics and Radiation,”[30] for
“Electromagnetic phenomena”,[31] and finally for “Mechanics with the
maintenance of the idea of mass.”
For this last mentioned province of physics, the question may be asked:
if there is a force with the components X, Y, Z (in the direction of the
space-axes) at a world-point (_x_, _y_, _z_, _t_), where the
velocity-vector is ([._x_], [._y_], [._z_], [._t_]), then how are we to
regard this force when the system of reference is changed in any
possible manner? Now it is known that there are certain well-tested
theorems about the ponderomotive force in electromagnetic fields, where
the group G_{_c_} is undoubtedly permissible. These theorems lead us to
the following simple rule; _if the system of reference be changed in any
way, then the supposed force is to be put as a force in the new
space-coordinates in such a manner, that the corresponding vector with
the components_
[._t_]X, [._t_]Y, [._t_]Z, [._t_]T,
_where_ T = 1/_c²_ ([._x_]/[._t_] X + [._y_]/[._t_] Y +
[._z_]/[._t_] Z) = 1/_c²_
(_the rate of
which work is done at the world-point_), _remains unaltered_.
This vector is always normal to the velocity-vector at P. Such a
force-vector, representing a force at P, may be called a _moving
force-vector at_ P.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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