So far as concerns the character of the wound, which is most likely to be followed by septicemia, there is but little to be said. Wounds made by infected tools, the butcher’s knife, the anatomist’s scalpel, etc., are the most dangerous. All forms of phlegmonous erysipelas, many cases of gangrene following frostbite, nearly all instances of traumatic gangrene, most cases of carbuncle, and, in fact, all similar lesions, are likely to be followed by septicemia. The so-called spontaneous cases have an equally infectious origin, though one which is concealed. In unrecognized instances of appendicitis, for instance, and in many other conditions, although the path of infection may not be easily traced, it is, nevertheless, always present, and can be found if diligent search is made. The nasal cavity, the tonsils, the teeth, the middle ear, the deep urethra, and the rectum are often overlooked as offering possibilities for septic infection which may follow this general type. =Treatment.=--This should be both local and general. Local treatment should consist in complete and absolute removal of the active cause. This comprises the reopening of wounds, evacuation of clot, cutting or scraping away of sloughs and gangrenous tissue, with cauterization of the exposed living tissue, in order that absorption may be prevented, and will often include amputation or extirpation of a part. For tissues which are not too completely riddled by disease, and lost beyond possibility of redemption, _continuous immersion in hot water_ offers the best possible prospect. By it putrefaction seems checked, the separation of dead from living tissues is accelerated, relief of pain or discomfort is afforded, and disinfection of material which is foul and infectious is guaranteed. An excellent local application is the mixture of resorcin 5 parts, ichthyol 10 parts, ung. hydrarg. 40 parts, and lanolin 45 parts, already mentioned in Chapter IV, or the application of _brewers’ yeast_. (See chapter on Ulcers.) Of great value also will be found the silver ointment of Credé (_Unguentum Credé_). This permits of absorption of silver through the unbroken skin (as in the case of ung. hydrarg.), and the dissemination throughout the system of the antiseptic virtues of the silver itself. To ensure its greatest efficiency this ointment should be thoroughly rubbed in, especially over parts which are not too tender. Many cases of septic infection promptly yield under the influence of the argentine preparations which Credé has lately introduced. In suitable cases also the subcutaneous injections of _antistreptococcic serum_ will be followed by beneficial effects. The earlier the injection is given the better the prospect of benefit. Evidence is strongly in favor of this serum as a prophylactic measure, especially before operations, when septic pneumonia or other septic accidents are feared.