The principles and practice of modern surgeryPark, Roswell
Science
The principles and practice of modern surgery
Park, Roswell
Surgery
As the lungs fill with the first crop of infected emboli, and the
first series of metastatic abscesses form there, there is more or
less _dyspnea_ and sense of oppression; there may be also _pulmonary
complications_--pleurisy, bronchitis, etc., even pulmonary edema.
Frequently there is expectoration of frothy and discolored sputum;
occasionally there is blood in the sputum. A peculiar _sweetish odor
of the breath_ has been noted by many observers in this disease, and
is supposed to be idiopathic and characteristic. (See _acetonemia_
in previous chapter.) With the dispersion of the second crop of
emboli from the lungs there is apt to be _icterus_, with evidence of
_metastatic abscess in the liver_, and collection of pus as the result
of coalescence of small abscesses. The sensorium is not so affected in
pyemia as in septicemia, and in the former disease patients are more
likely to be alert and active in mind. General _hyperesthesia_ and
_restlessness_ are common. Colliquative sweats are also a feature of
pyemia. There is the same liability to _eruptions_, etc., which may
mislead or complicate the diagnosis. A dermatitis is seen sometimes in
pyemia, the lesions assuming a papular or pustular form, due to local
infections of the skin. Purpuric spots are also seen, and vesication is
not infrequent. Within the mouth _sordes_ collect upon the _teeth or
gums_; the _tongue_ becomes dry and brown and heavily coated. Diarrhea
is less common in pyemia. The urine is usually scanty and high colored,
containing solids in excess; albumin is sometimes found therein, as
well as peptone. The presence of _peptone in the urine_ is probably an
indication of the breaking down of pus corpuscles in various parts of
the tissues.
A significant objective evidence of pyemia is met with in the
_metastatic collections of pus within the joints_, which occur
relatively early, and which, if multiple, may lead to a correct
diagnosis. One of the earliest joints to be involved is the
sternoclavicular, although none of the joints are free from the
possibility of invasion. The articular serous membranes seem to have
the property of carrying and holding the infective thrombi better
than any other tissue in the body. The _pyarthrosis of pyemia_ is for
the most part painless, yet implies loss of function of the affected
joints. The distention of these is usually evident to the eye, the
fluctuation pronounced, tenderness not extreme, but the swollen part
merges into tissues which are edematous and reddened. When pain in the
limb is extreme, it is usually because of metastatic abscess within
the bone-marrow cavity. In other words, we now have a _metastatic
osteomyelitis_.
In all cases of pyemia prostration is marked, yet the pulse is seldom
weak, at least until toward the close of life. As cases progress from
bad to worse _subsultus tendinum_ is often noted.
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