=Diagnosis.=--So far as the general recognition of tuberculous disease is concerned, it is not often difficult. It is accompanied usually by more or less marked cachexia (at least this is the case when infection is serious and widespread), one of whose principal characteristics is the so-called _hectic_ (habitual) fever of old writers. This was a fever of a remittent type, accompanied also by more or less colliquative night sweats, with dryness of the skin during the daytime, and flushing of the face. Hectic fever, as a matter of fact, often accompanies tuberculous disease, but is seldom encountered until pyogenic infection has occurred and suppuration is taking or has taken place. There is now much reason to consider hectic fever as an auto-intoxication from absorption of morbid products. In advanced cases we may find evidence of _amyloid_ changes, although these are seldom recognized prior to autopsy. It is seldom difficult to recognize tuberculous disease except when at a considerable depth. Here, as long as there is no suppuration, there is little tendency to _leukocytosis_, by which diagnosis as between _sarcoma_ and _tuberculous_ infection may perhaps be made. Sometimes when in doubt the exploring trocar or an exploratory incision may be resorted to, it being always best to be prepared at the same time to proceed with whatever further operative procedure the findings may indicate. =Treatment.=--It is well to emphasize, first of all, that _tuberculous disease when circumscribed and accessible is a distinctly curable affection_. If this is accepted, it puts a much more hopeful aspect upon the condition than it formerly bore. It moreover justifies operations of a more radical nature than were formerly practised. Treatment should be divided into the hygienic and constitutional and the local and operative. Of all the natural remedies, _oxygen_ undoubtedly ranks first. This means the best of _ventilation_, an outdoor life if possible, and preferably in localities and at altitudes free from dust and well supplied with ozone. When this is impossible inhalations of dilute oxygen are capable of doing much good. The two canons of successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis are equally of value in surgical tuberculosis, viz., _abundance of oxygen and hypernutrition_. The diet should be rich and nutritious, at the same time capable of complete digestion. The emunctories should be stimulated and elimination favored in every possible way. Undoubtedly the old standard remedies--cod-liver oil, compound syrup of hypophosphites, etc.--are beneficial, and much good may be accomplished by their proper use.