The principles and practice of modern surgeryPark, Roswell
Science
The principles and practice of modern surgery
Park, Roswell
Surgery
Aside from these acute manifestations, more chronic and mild
affections, especially of the serous membranes, are well known. The
most common of these exhibitions occur in the joints, mostly in the
knee. A gonococcus peritonitis, pericarditis, or endocarditis are,
however, well known. Because of the similarity of the discomfort and
the disability resulting from the joint complications of clap to the
ordinary joint manifestations of rheumatism, these lesions have long
been popularly called _gonorrheal rheumatism_. The name, however,
should be discarded as being incorrect, and for it the best substitute
would be _postgonorrheal arthritis_.
These lesions may be sudden in their onset or may come slowly. They
may occur at any time during the acute stage or after its apparent
subsidence. The first manifestations involve the serous membranes
proper; the fibrous tissues participate sooner or later, and the
infiltration resulting from the inflammation thus set up will often
permanently compromise their integrity and cause an impairment of
their function for the rest of the patient’s life. They are usually
confined to one of the larger joints, but may involve several,
either simultaneously or consecutively. In acute cases the swelling
is somewhat pronounced and the pain and soreness intense. The local
symptoms simulate those of acute articular rheumatism. In the
fluid drawn from these joints the gonococcus can be occasionally
demonstrated. The course of the disease is usually slow, and
convalescence may be protracted. Nor is the disability acute only
and temporary, but it is often made permanent by the formation of
adhesions resulting from the condensation of exudates. Partial or
complete ankylosis may result, with considerable deformity. The muscle
spasm provoked by the acute joint inflammation will occasion the same
distortions and subluxations as are produced by tuberculous and other
forms of arthritis, and operations varying in severity from forced
motion to joint exsection may later be necessary. (See pp. 392 and 393.)
The writer has seen cases of postgonorrheal toxemia of extremely
chronic and even fatal type, where the joints were conspicuously
involved and where they did not constitute the most serious features
of the disease. These cases proved most intractable to treatment and
illustrate the possible complications of gonorrhea.
In addition to the joints various _bursæ_ and _tendon sheaths_ may
suffer in the same way as do the joint membranes. Such lesions are seen
about the hands and feet, especially about the tendo Achillis, and are
also seen in the muscles of the neck and of the orbit.
The treatment of these gonorrheal complications should be effected
largely by improving elimination and getting rid of the general
toxemia; thus hot-air baths, diuretics, and cathartics are advisable.
These eliminants, with free massage, are useful in dislodging the toxic
products.
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