The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
Several confirmatory facts may be named. During the intervals between
cell-fissions, when growth and the usual cell-activities are being carried
on, the chromatin is dispersed throughout the nucleus into an irregular
network: thus greatly increasing the surface of contact between its
substance and the substances in which it is imbedded. As has been remarked,
this wide distribution furthers metabolism--a metabolism which in this case
has, as we infer, the function of generating, not special matters but
special motions. Moreover, just as the wave of disturbance a nerve carries
produces an effect which is determined, not by anything which is peculiar
in itself, but by the peculiar nature of the organ to which it is
carried--muscular, glandular or other; so here, the waves diffused from the
chromatin do not determine the kinds of changes in the cytoplasm, but
simply excite it: its particular activities, whether of movement,
absorption, or structural excretion, being determined by its constitution.
And then, further, we observe a parallelism between the metabolic changes
in the two cases; for, on the one hand, "diminished staining capacity of
the chromatin [implying a decreased amount of phosphorus, which gives the
staining capacity] occurs during a period of intense constructive activity
in the cytoplasm;" and, on the other hand, in high organisms having nervous
systems, the intensity of nervous action is measured by the excretion of
phosphates--by the using up of the phosphorus contained in nerve-cells.
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