The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
"(2.) James L----, who was normal, had two sons and seven daughters, also
normal. One of the daughters became Mrs. J---- (one of the informants), and
had three daughters and five sons, all normal except one of the sons, James
J----, now æt. 17, who had six fingers on each hand....
"In this branch of the descendants of Esther, we see it passing over two
generations and reappearing in one member of the third generation, and now
on both hands.
"(3.) Charles L----, the only child of Esther who had digital variety, had
six fingers on each hand. He had three sons, James, Thomas, and John, all
of whom were born with six fingers on each hand, while John has also a
sixth toe on one foot. He had also five other sons and four daughters, all
of whom were normal.
"(a.) Of the normal children of this, the third generation, the five sons
had twelve sons and twelve daughters, and the four daughters have had four
sons and four daughters, being the fourth generation, all of whom were
normal. A fifth generation in this sub-group consists as yet of only two
boys and two girls who are also normal.
"In this sub-branch, we see the variety of the first generation present in
the second, passing over the third and fourth, and also the fifth as far as
it has yet gone.
"(b.) James had three sons and two daughters, who are normal.
"(c.) Thomas had four sons and five daughters, who are normal; and has two
grandsons, also normal.
"In this sub-branch of the descent, we see the variety of the first
generation, showing itself in the second and third, and passing over the
fourth, and (as far as it yet exists) the fifth generation.
"(d.) John L---- (one of the informants) had six fingers, the additional
finger being attached on the outer side, as in the case of his brothers
James and Thomas. All of them had the additional digits removed. John has
also a sixth toe on one foot, situated on the outer side. The fifth and
sixth toes have a common proximal phalange, and a common integument invests
the middle and distal phalanges, each having a separate nail.
"John L---- has a son who is normal, and a daughter, Jane, who was born
with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot. The sixth fingers
were removed. The sixth toes are not wrapped with the fifth as in her
father's case, but are distinct from them. The son has a son and daughter,
who, like himself, are normal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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